Sensitivity of Monilinia fructicola from Peach Farms in China to Four Fungicides and Characterization of Isolates Resistant to Carbendazim and Azoxystrobin
Sensitivity of Monilinia fructicola from Peach Farms in China to Four Fungicides and Characterization of Isolates Resistant to Carbendazim and Azoxystrobin
复制标题
我国桃园果核腐菌对四种杀菌剂的敏感性及多菌灵和嘧菌酯的抗性鉴定
DOI：
10.1094/pdis-11-13-1145-re
复制
发表时间：
2014-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Luo, C. X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen, S. N.;Shang, Y.;Luo, C. X.
在中国，桃褐腐病可造成相当大的采前和采后损失。越来越多地使用杀菌剂来尽量减少这种损失。从全国5个省的商品桃园中采集80株果霉菌，测定其对多菌灵、嘧菌酯、替布康唑和苯唑啉的敏感性。在16株分离株中，仅云南省有15株对多菌灵耐药。对多菌灵耐药菌株的鉴定结果显示，耐药稳定，无适应性损失，对硫虫威具有负交叉抗性。抗性菌株在喷标率配方多菌灵的离体果实上产生病害症状，并在β -微管蛋白中产生氨基酸突变E198A。福建省10株分离菌中有3株检测到偶氮嘧菌酯耐药。然而，与多菌灵耐药相比，偶氮霉素耐药是不稳定的，与适应度惩罚有关，而与靶基因细胞色素b的突变无关。偶氮霉素敏感菌株的菌丝生长被抑制50% （EC50）的浓度为0.02 ~ 1.94 μ g/ml，平均值为0.54 μ g/ml。所有菌株对戊康唑均敏感，平均EC50值为0.03 μ g/ml。boscalid的EC50值为0.01 ~ 3.85 μ g/ml，平均值为1.02 μ g/ml。本研究结果表明，甲基苯并咪唑氨基甲酸酯（MBCs）、quionon外源抑制剂、去甲基化抑制剂杀菌剂和琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂在中国许多桃子产区防治褐腐病可能非常有效，但对MBCs的抗性正在出现。
Brown rot of peach caused by Monilinia fructicola can cause considerable preharvest and postharvest losses in China. Fungicides are increasingly utilized to minimize such losses. Eighty isolates of M. fructicola were collected from commercial peach orchards located in five provinces in China and the sensitivity to carbendazim, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole, and boscalid was determined. Resistance to carbendazim was detected only in the Yunnan province in 15 of 16 isolates. Characterization of carbendazim-resistant isolates revealed stable resistance, no fitness penalty, and negative cross resistance to diethofencarb. Resistant isolates produced disease symptoms on detached fruit sprayed with label rates of formulated carbendazim and possessed the amino acid mutation E198A in beta-tubulin. Resistance to azoxystrobin was detected in 3 of 10 isolates from Fujian. In contrast to carbendazim resistance, however, azoxystrobin resistance was unstable, associated with a fitness penalty, and not associated with mutations in the target gene cytochrome b. The concentration at which mycelial growth is inhibited 50% (EC50) values of the azoxystrobin-sensitive isolates were 0.02 to 1.94 mu g/ml, with a mean value of 0.54 mu g/ml. All isolates were sensitive to tebuconazole, with a mean EC50 value of 0.03 mu g/ml. The EC50 values for boscalid were 0.01 to 3.85 mu g/ml, with a mean value of 1.02 mu g/ml. Our results indicate that methyl benzimidazole carbamates (MBCs), quionon outside inhibitors, demethylation inhibitor fungicides, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors are likely to be very effective in controlling brown rot in many peach production areas in China, but that resistance to MBCs is emerging.