PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SENSORY AND COGNITIVE TASKS AS A FUNCTION OF WARNING, PROCESSING DEMANDS, AND REPORTED UNPLEASANTNESS
PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SENSORY AND COGNITIVE TASKS AS A FUNCTION OF WARNING, PROCESSING DEMANDS, AND REPORTED UNPLEASANTNESS
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DOI：
10.1016/0301-0511(78)90020-0
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发表时间：
1978-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
SANDMAN, CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
CACIOPPO, JT;SANDMAN, CA
低和高度紧张的感官任务（观看幻灯片的尸检）被用来评估压力刺激的影响，需要最小量的认知阐述。认知（算术，字谜和数字串记忆）的任务，每个在2个级别的难度与尸检幻灯片报告的不愉快相匹配，以提供刺激，其中压力反应是恒定的，但认知处理的要求各不相同。监测心率、皮肤电位水平和皮肤电位反应。受试者（32人）接受每种类型任务的2次演示，每次演示之前都有警告信号。心率在认知任务中加速，在尸检的幻灯片演示中减速;警告信号加重了与任务相关的心率模式。个别任务的分析表明，心率是更大的性能困难（更认知要求）比容易的认知任务，但心率不受报告的不愉快的尸检幻灯片。皮肤电位的反应更明显，在介绍紧张（不愉快）刺激的认知和感官任务，皮肤电位水平，但是，区分任务，也不紧张的任务内的刺激。支持Lacey关于认知加工、心脏活动和反应模式的假说。
Low and highly stressful sensory tasks (viewing slides of an autopsy) were employed to assess the effects of stressful stimuli that required a minimal amount of cognitive elaboration. Cognitive (arithmetic, anagram and digit-string memorization) tasks each at 2 levels of difficulty were matched for reported unpleasantness with autopsy slides to provide stimuli in which stress reactions were constant but cognitive processing requirements varied. Heart rate, skin potential level and skin potential responses were monitored. Subjects (32) received 2 presentations of each type of task, 1 each of which was preceded by a warning signal. Heart rate accelerated during cognitive tasks and decelerated during slide presentations of autopsy; the warning signal accentuated the heart-rate pattern associated with the task. Analyses of individual tasks revealed that heart rate was greater during the performance of difficult (more cognitively demanding) than easy cognitive tasks but that heart rate was not affected by the reported unpleasantness of the autopsy slides. Skin potential responses were more evident during the presentation of stressful (unpleasant) stimuli for both cognitive and sensory tasks; skin potential level, however, differentiated neither the tasks nor the stressfulness of stimuli within the tasks. Lacey''s hypothesis concerning cognitive elaboration, cardiac activity and response patterning was suported.