Observing and braiding topological Majorana modes on programmable quantum simulators.
Observing and braiding topological Majorana modes on programmable quantum simulators.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41467-023-37725-0
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发表时间：
2023-04-21
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Movassagh, Ramis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harle, Nikhil;Shtanko, Oles;Movassagh, Ramis
电子是不可分割的基本粒子，但矛盾的是，它们的集合可以充当单个电子的一部分，显示出奇异而有用的性质。这种集体激发被称为拓扑Majorana模，它对扰动自然是稳定的，例如不想要的局部噪声，因此可以稳健地存储量子信息。因此，Majorana模式作为拓扑量子计算的基本原语，提供了对错误的弹性。然而，他们在量子硬件方面的演示仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们用超导量子处理器作为量子模拟器，演示了一种可验证的拓扑Majorana模的识别和编织。通过模拟周期驱动的一维晶格上的费米子，我们证实了定域在边缘的Majorana模的存在，并将它们与其他平凡模区分开来。为了模拟拓扑量子计算的一种基本逻辑操作，即编织，我们提出了一种非绝热技术，其实现在我们的实验中揭示了正确的编织统计。这项工作可以进一步用于使用基于电路的模拟来研究物质的拓扑模型，并表明任何人都可以在云运行的量子模拟中实现长期寻求的量子现象，从而加速量子科学和技术的基础发现。超导量子模拟器是模拟量子多体系统的重要平台。在超导量子比特处理器上模拟了一个周期驱动的一维量子自旋模型，其中包含Majorana零模，并提出了探测和编织它们的新协议。
Electrons are indivisible elementary particles, yet paradoxically a collection of them can act as a fraction of a single electron, exhibiting exotic and useful properties. One such collective excitation, known as a topological Majorana mode, is naturally stable against perturbations, such as unwanted local noise, and can thereby robustly store quantum information. As such, Majorana modes serve as the basic primitive of topological quantum computing, providing resilience to errors. However, their demonstration on quantum hardware has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate a verifiable identification and braiding of topological Majorana modes using a superconducting quantum processor as a quantum simulator. By simulating fermions on a one-dimensional lattice subject to a periodic drive, we confirm the existence of Majorana modes localized at the edges, and distinguish them from other trivial modes. To simulate a basic logical operation of topological quantum computing known as braiding, we propose a non-adiabatic technique, whose implementation reveals correct braiding statistics in our experiments. This work could further be used to study topological models of matter using circuit-based simulations, and shows that long-sought quantum phenomena can be realized by anyone in cloud-run quantum simulations, whereby accelerating fundamental discoveries in quantum science and technology. Superconducting quantum simulators are promising platforms for simulations of quantum many-body systems. Here the authors simulate a periodically driven 1D quantum spin model hosting Majorana zero modes on a superconducting qubit processor and propose new protocols for their detection and braiding.
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