Enhanced scale inhibition against Ca-3(PO4)(2) and Fe2O3 in water using multi-functional fluorescently-tagged antibacterial scale inhibitors
Enhanced scale inhibition against Ca-3(PO4)(2) and Fe2O3 in water using multi-functional fluorescently-tagged antibacterial scale inhibitors
复制标题
使用多功能荧光标记抗菌阻垢剂增强对水中 Ca-3(PO4)(2) 和 Fe2O3 的阻垢作用
DOI：
10.1039/c9ew01036j
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Yang Weiben
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Shaopeng;Jiang Xin;Cheng Shikun;Fu Chang'e;Tian Ziqi;Yang Zhen;Yang Weiben
水垢的形成和沉积，特别是难溶的Ca 3（PO 4）2和Fe 2 O3，是水处理和回用的障碍。无磷阻垢剂的原位浓度检测也仍然具有挑战性。在这项工作中，精心设计的无P共聚物，FM-AA-APEO与三元单元（丙烯酸（AA），烯丙基聚环氧乙烷（APEO），和荧光单体（FM）），作为防垢剂对Ca 3（PO 4）2和Fe 2 O3。考察了不同单元配比对共聚物性能的影响，确定了FM、AA和APEO的最佳摩尔分数分别为1.56%、87.50%和10.94%。优化后的FM-AA-APEO具有更高的阻垢效率和更低的投加量，其抑菌性能优于市售产品。荧光强度与抑制剂浓度具有良好的相关性（R2 > 0.99），无论金属离子的存在或不存在，为原位浓度检测提供了基础。从微观到宏观的阻垢机理研究表明，FM-AA-APEO阻垢性能的提高是由于三元组分的协同作用：AA单元通过配位作用将金属原子紧密结合在小晶粒上，并提供负表面电荷产生静电排斥作用; FM单元不仅表现出设计的原位浓度测定能力（FM中的荧光基团）和抗菌效果（FM中的季铵基团），而且还与Fe（III）原子具有意想不到的强配位作用，以增强Fe 2 O3的阻垢性能。对上述机理的认识为水溶性阻垢剂的开发和应用提供了更具体的设计策略。
Formation and deposition of scales, especially the refractory Ca3(PO4)2 and Fe2O3, is an obstacle for water treatment and reuse. In situ concentration detection of P-free scale inhibitors also remains challenging. In this work, well-designed P-free copolymers, FM–AA–APEO with ternary units (acrylic acid (AA), allyl-polyethylene oxide (APEO), and fluorescent monomer (FM)), were employed as scale inhibitors against Ca3(PO4)2 and Fe2O3. The effects of ratios among different units were studied, and the optimized molar percentages of FM, AA, and APEO were 1.56%, 87.50%, and 10.94%, respectively. The optimized FM–AA–APEO exhibited much better scale inhibition (higher efficiency and lower dosage required) and antibacterial performance than commercial products. Fluorescence intensity and inhibitor concentration had good correlation (R2 > 0.99) regardless of the absence or presence of metal ions, providing a basis for in situ concentration detection. Scale inhibition mechanism investigations from micro- to macro-viewpoints demonstrated that the enhanced performance of FM–AA–APEO resulted from the synergistic effects of ternary compositions: AA units tightly bound metal atoms on small crystal particles via coordination and provided negative surface charges for electrostatic repulsion; APEO units with stretched hydrophilic sidechains contributed to steric repulsion among the particles; FM units not only exhibited designed in situ concentration determination ability (fluorescent groups in FM) and antibacterial effects (quaternary ammonium groups in FM), but also had unexpected strong coordination with Fe(III) atoms for strengthening Fe2O3 scale inhibition. Understanding of the above mechanism provided more specific design strategies for the development and application of scale inhibitors in water.