Make or break: The influence of expected challenges and rewards on the motivation and experience associated with cognitive effort exertion.
Make or break: The influence of expected challenges and rewards on the motivation and experience associated with cognitive effort exertion.
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成败：预期挑战和奖励对与认知努力发挥相关的动机和体验的影响。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.12.05.570154
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Shenhav,Amitai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang,Yue;Leng,Xiamin;Shenhav,Amitai
具有挑战性的目标可能会导致更努力的工作，但也会带来更大的压力，反过来可能会破坏目标的实现。我们试图考察智力努力及其主观体验如何作为挑战水平和所涉激励的大小的函数进行交互作用。参与者完成了一项奖励单个努力投资单位的任务(正确执行Stroop试验)，但前提是他们在固定时间间隔(挑战水平)内达到了正确试验的阈值数量。我们改变了这一挑战水平(研究1，n=40)和风险回报(研究2，n=79)，并测量了任务绩效的变异性和跨任务间隔的自我报告影响。更大的挑战和更高的回报促进了更大的努力投资，但也带来了更大的压力，而更高的回报(和更低的挑战)同时产生了更大的积极影响。在间隔时间内，我们观察到性能的初始加速和减速，这可能反映了控制的动态重新配置。总而言之，这些发现加深了我们对任务要求和激励对精神努力和幸福感的影响的理解。
Challenging goals can induce harder work but also greater stress, in turn potentially undermining goal achievement. We sought to examine how mental effort and subjective experiences thereof interact as a function of the challenge level and the size of the incentives at stake. Participants performed a task that rewarded individual units of effort investment (correctly performed Stroop trials) but only if they met a threshold number of correct trials within a fixed time interval (challenge level). We varied this challenge level (Study 1,n= 40) and the rewards at stake (Study 2,n= 79) and measured variability in task performance and self-reported affect across task intervals. Greater challenge and higher rewards facilitated greater effort investment but also induced greater stress, whereas higher rewards (and lower challenge) simultaneously induced greater positive affect. Within intervals, we observed an initial speed up then slowdown in performance, which could reflect dynamic reconfiguration of control. Collectively, these findings further our understanding of the influence of task demands and incentives on mental effort exertion and well-being.