Simulation of potential formation of atmospheric pollution from aboveground storage tank leakage after severe storms
Simulation of potential formation of atmospheric pollution from aboveground storage tank leakage after severe storms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118225
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Shiyang Bi;Amin Kiaghadi;B. Schulze;C. Bernier;P. Bedient;J. Padgett;H. Rifai;R. Griffin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shiyang Bi;Amin Kiaghadi;B. Schulze;C. Bernier;P. Bedient;J. Padgett;H. Rifai;R. Griffin
强风暴对含有化学品的基础设施造成的破坏可能导致大气和附近水体的广泛污染。由于大气监测设备在这些风暴后的时期是不可操作的，运输和命运建模方法是必要的，以估计蒸发的溢出材料和二次污染物从这些事件的区域大气浓度。来自休斯顿单个储罐的假设泄漏被用于评估不同气象情景（2017年的哈维飓风和2008年的艾克飓风），泄漏材料（油和有机溶剂），背景化学条件和云条件对模拟空气污染的影响。由于蒸发率的差异，预计顺风油羽比有机溶剂羽覆盖更广的区域，后者仍然集中在沿着盛行风的路径。根据有关蒸发的假设，预计溢出物质的混合比高达百万分之90。在这些风暴过后的短时间内，在顺风溶剂羽流中可能会形成大量的臭氧（增强到130 ppm）和二次有机气溶胶（增强到30 μg m−3），其强度取决于太阳辐射、物质类型和背景污染物水平。这突出表明，下风向地区的居民和工人可能容易受到蒸发的溢出物及其降解产物的影响。
Damage by severe storms of infrastructure containing chemicals can cause widespread pollution of the atmosphere and nearby bodies of water. Because atmospheric monitoring equipment is inoperable in the periods after these storms, transport and fate modeling approaches are necessary to estimate the regional atmospheric concentrations of evaporated spill material and secondary pollutants from such events. Hypothetical spills from a single storage tank in Houston were used to evaluate the impact of different meteorological scenarios (Hurricanes Harvey in 2017 and Ike in 2008), leaked materials (oils and organic solvents), background chemical conditions, and cloud conditions on simulated air pollution. Due to differences in evaporation rate, downwind oil plumes are predicted to cover a broader region than organic solvent plumes, which remain concentrated along the path of the prevailing wind. Depending on assumptions regarding evaporation, mixing ratios of spilled material of up to 90 parts per million are predicted. Substantial formation of ozone (up to an enhancement of 130 parts per billion) and secondary organic aerosol (up to an enhancement of 30 μg m−3) could occur in the short-term aftermath of these storms within the downwind solvent plumes, with the magnitude dependent on the solar radiation, type of material, and background pollutant level. This highlights the potential vulnerability of residents and workers in downwind regions to evaporated spill materials and their degradation products.