Food Preference, Optimal Diet and Reproductive Output in Stoats Mustela Erminea in Sweden
Food Preference, Optimal Diet and Reproductive Output in Stoats Mustela Erminea in Sweden
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瑞典白鼬的食物偏好、最佳饮食和繁殖能力
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发表时间：
1981
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Erlinge
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Erlinge
使用与不同猎物密度相关的白鼬饮食的现场数据来检查食物偏好和选择性喂养，并测试最佳觅食理论的预测。还在三种食物环境中检查了饮食和生殖产出之间的关系。当田鼠密度较高或中等较高时，白鼬会集中捕食田鼠（它们的基本食物）。雄性白鼬对较大的水田鼠表现出高度偏爱。对它们的选择性捕猎随着它们的相对丰度而增加，但在啮齿类动物总体密度较高的情况下，雄性对水田鼠的专门捕猎较少。这可能是由于第二优先猎物（田鼠）的相对密度较高。这些数据与预测猎物相对密度对于确定最佳饮食很重要的理论是一致的。相对于田鼠，雌性对水田鼠没有表现出任何明显的偏好，并且相对于田鼠密度的变化，选择性狩猎没有发生长期变化。雄性和雌性之间的差异归因于不同的适应性设置功能，这意味着大型和小型田鼠的组合是雌性的最佳饮食，而大型猎物如水田鼠是雄性的最佳饮食。在不同的食物环境中，繁殖成功率没有发现一致的差异，但最高的繁殖产量出现在水田鼠密度相对较高的地区。
Field data on the diet of stoats in relation to different prey density were used to examine food preference and selective feeding and to test predictions from optimal foraging theory. The relationship between diet and reproductive output was also examined in three food environments. Stoats concentrated on voles (their basic food) when vole density was high or moderately high. Male stoats showed a high preference for the larger water voles. Selective hunting for them increased with their relative abundance but the males specialized less on water voles at overall high density of rodents. This was probably due to high relative density of the prey second in preference (field vole). The data are in agreement with the theory predicting relative density of prey to be important in determining optimal diet. Females did not show any clear preference for water vole relative to field vole and no long term change occurred in selective hunting relative to changes in vole density. The difference between males and females was ascribed to different fitness set functions, implying a combination of large and small voles to be the optimal diet for females and large prey as water vole as optimal diet for males. No consistent difference in reproductive success was found in the different food environments, but the highest reproductive output occurred in areas with relatively high water vole density.