Use of modern contraception increases when more methods become available: analysis of evidence from 1982-2009.
Use of modern contraception increases when more methods become available: analysis of evidence from 1982-2009.
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DOI：
10.9745/ghsp-d-13-00010
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发表时间：
2013-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stover J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ross J;Stover J
27年来的国际数据显示，随着大多数人获得每一种额外的避孕方法，现代避孕措施的总体使用量都有所上升。但在2009年，在接受调查的国家中，平均只有3.5种方法可供至少一半的人口使用。计划生育方案应努力为人们提供广泛使用各种方法的机会。27年来的国际数据显示，随着大多数人获得每一种额外的避孕方法，现代避孕措施的总体使用量都有所上升。但在2009年，在接受调查的国家中，平均只有3.5种方法可供至少一半的人口使用。计划生育方案应努力为人们提供广泛使用各种方法的机会。以检查随着人群获得更多的方法，避孕用具的使用量增加了多少。我们利用具有代表性的全国性调查的避孕药具使用量估算数据和专项调查的避孕药具可获得性估算数据，对1982年、、1994年、1999年、2004年和2009年6种现代避孕方法进行了比较。为了估计方法的可用性，我们使用了不同的方法可访问性规则，这些规则控制着必须访问某个方法才能将其限定为“可用”的总体人口的不同比例(从20%到80%不等)。当有更多的方法可供大部分人口使用时，避孕药的使用量就会更大，无论是横截面的还是随着时间的推移。至少一半人口可使用的一种方法的增加与6种现代方法的总使用率增加4-8个百分点相关，例如，从40%增加到44%或48%。避孕方法的使用和选择之间的关系出现了一致的模式。可以通过扩大现有方法的可获得性、改进现有方法的特点或引入新方法来增加避孕措施的使用。更广泛的方法选择也提高了满足妇女和夫妇个人需求的能力。尽管方法组合随着时间的推移一直在改进，但目前的可获得性远不理想；2009年，在我们分析的113个国家中，平均只有大约3.5种方法可供至少一半的人口使用。
International data over 27 years show that as each additional contraceptive method became available to most of the population, overall modern contraceptive use rose. But in 2009 only 3.5 methods, on average, were available to at least half the population in surveyed countries. Family planning programs should strive to provide widespread access to a range of methods. International data over 27 years show that as each additional contraceptive method became available to most of the population, overall modern contraceptive use rose. But in 2009 only 3.5 methods, on average, were available to at least half the population in surveyed countries. Family planning programs should strive to provide widespread access to a range of methods. To examine how much contraceptive use increases as additional methods are made available to populations. We used data estimating contraceptive use from representative national surveys and data estimating method availability from special surveys to make comparisons for 6 modern contraceptive methods, in each of 6 years: 1982, 1989, 1994, 1999, 2004, and 2009. To estimate method availability, we used various method accessibility rules governing different proportions of the total population (ranging from 20% to 80%) that must have access to a method in order for it to qualify as “available.” Contraceptive use is greater when more methods are available to a large portion of the population, both cross-sectionally and over time. The addition of 1 method available to at least half the population correlates with an increase of 4–8 percentage points in total use of the 6 modern methods, for example, from 40% to 44% or 48%. A consistent pattern emerges for the relationship of contraceptive use and choice among multiple methods. Use of contraception may be increased by extending the availability of current methods, by improving features of current methods, or by introducing new methods. A wider choice of methods also improves the ability to meet the individual needs of women and couples. Although the method mix has been improving over time, current availability is far from ideal; in 2009, only about 3.5 methods, on average, were available to at least half of the population in the 113 countries included in our analysis.