Regulation by impasse: Pesticide registration, capital and the state in Costa Rica
Regulation by impasse: Pesticide registration, capital and the state in Costa Rica
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DOI：
10.1177/25148486221116742
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发表时间：
2022-08
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
María Soledad Castro-Vargas;Marion Werner
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文献类型：
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作者：
María Soledad Castro-Vargas;Marion Werner
哥斯达黎加大量使用农药，以及这些农用化学品支持的蓬勃发展的种植园部门，加剧了该国发展模式核心的提取和保存之间的紧张关系。我们通过对该国农药登记、批准活性成分和配方使用的监管过程的研究来探讨这些紧张关系。经过近二十年的改革努力，人们普遍认为登记制度不起作用：该国的大多数农药都处于行政管理的不确定状态，批准的新化合物相对较少。基于广泛的访谈和深入的政策分析，我们构建了改革的四个阶段，并使用国家战略关系方法来分析这一过程。我们将登记处的僵局概念化为一种治理形式，我们称之为“僵局监管”，这是一种通过认识部门、司法机构和其他监管当局内部和之间的争端而产生的安排，与政治、经济和更广泛的社会力量的不断变化的战略和背景有关。我们认为，霸权是通过登记争端本身微妙地维持的，同时揭示了哥斯达黎加发展模式的严重磨损状况。
Costa Rica's prodigious use of pesticides, as well as the burgeoning plantation sector that these agrochemicals support, exacerbates the tensions between extraction and preservation at the heart of the country's development model. We explore these tensions through a study of the country's pesticide registry, the regulatory process to approve active ingredients and formulations for use. After nearly two decades of reform efforts, the registry is widely recognized to be non-functioning: most of the country's pesticides exist in administrative limbo and relatively few new compounds have been approved. Based on extensive interviews and in-depth policy analysis, we construct four phases of reform and use a strategic-relational approach to the state to analyze this process. We conceptualize the registry's gridlock as a form of governance that we term regulation by impasse, an arrangement reproduced through disputes within and between the cognizant ministries, juridical bodies and other regulating authorities, in relation to the shifting strategies and contexts of political economic and wider social forces. We argue that hegemony is tenuously maintained through the registry dispute itself, while revealing the deeply frayed condition of the Costa Rican development model.