The chronoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex
The chronoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2005.1627
复制
发表时间：
2005-04-29
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Zeki, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bartels, A;Zeki, S
在这里，我们回顾了一种新的方法来映射人类大脑皮层到不同的细分。与细胞结构或传统的功能成像不同，它不依赖于特定的解剖标记或功能假设。相反，我们建议，独特的活动时间过程（ATC）的每个皮层分区，在自然条件下引起的，作为一个时间指纹，可用于分离皮层分区，映射其空间范围，并揭示其功能和潜在的解剖连接。我们认为，由于大脑的模块化组织及其连通性是在自然条件下进化和发展的，因此这些是揭示其组织的最佳方法。我们回顾的概念，方法和这种方法的第一个结果，依赖于功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）志愿者观看传统的刺激或詹姆斯·邦德电影时获得的数据。独立成分分析（伊卡）被用来确定体素属于不同的功能细分，根据他们的差分时空指纹。在自然观察过程中，更多的区域可以被分离，这表明自然刺激的复杂性导致更多功能模块中的更多差异反应。我们证明，在一个单一的实验中，可以在整个大脑中识别出许多不同的区域，甚至在视觉皮层中，包括V1，V4和V5区域。这种区分完全基于在自然观看期间不同区域的不同ATC。因此，可以确定不同的区域，而无需对其功能或空间位置进行任何先验假设。我们确定的区域在解剖学上对应于不同的受试者，他们的ATC显示出高度的区域特异性受试者间相关性。此外，自然条件导致区域间ATC的显着去相关性相比，休息，表明在自然条件下的区域特异性增加。相反，已知的实质性解剖连接的远距离区域的ATC之间的相关性增加，并反映了它们已知的解剖连接模式。我们证明了这一点使用的语言网络的例子，涉及布罗卡和韦尼克的区域和同源领域的两个半球。总之，这种新的大脑映射方法不仅可以识别新的功能细分，而且还可以揭示它们的连通性。
We review here a new approach to mapping the human cerebral cortex into distinct subdivisions. Unlike cytoarchitecture or traditional functional imaging, it does not rely on specific anatomical markers or functional hypotheses. Instead, we propose that the unique activity time course (ATC) of each cortical subdivision, elicited during natural conditions, acts as a temporal fingerprint that can be used to segregate cortical subdivisions, map their spatial extent, and reveal their functional and potentially anatomical connectivity. We argue that since the modular organisation of the brain and its connectivity evolved and developed in natural conditions, these are optimal for revealing its organisation. We review the concepts, methodology and first results of this approach, relying on data obtained with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) when volunteers viewed traditional stimuli or a James Bond movie. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used to identify voxels belonging to distinct functional subdivisions, based on their differential spatio-temporal fingerprints. Many more regions could be segregated during natural viewing, demonstrating that the complexity of natural stimuli leads to more differential responses in more functional modules. We demonstrate that, in a single experiment, a multitude of distinct regions can be identified across the whole brain, even within the visual cortex, including areas V1, V4 and V5. This differentiation is based entirely on the differential ATCs of different areas during natural viewing. Distinct areas can therefore be identified without any a priori hypothesis about their function or spatial location. The areas we identified corresponded anatomically across subjects, and their ATCs showed highly area-specific inter-subject correlations. Furthermore, natural conditions led to a significant de-correlation of interregional ATCs compared to rest, indicating an increase in regional specificity during natural conditions. In contrast, the correlation between ATCs of distant regions of known substantial anatomical connections increased and reflected their known anatomical connectivity pattern. We demonstrate this using the example of the language network involving Broca's and Wernicke's area and homologous areas in the two hemispheres. In conclusion, this new approach to brain mapping may not only serve to identify novel functional subdivisions, but to reveal their connectivity as well.