A biomass energy flow chart for Sierra Leone
A biomass energy flow chart for Sierra Leone
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DOI：
10.1016/s0961-9534(99)00009-4
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Hall, DO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amoo-Gottfried, K;Hall, DO
对 1984 年 5 月至 1990 年 1 年间塞拉利昂陆地地上生物量的生产和利用进行了分析。生物质能源总产量估计为年均 131 PJ（39% 来自农业，51% 来自林业，10% 来自畜牧业）。在农业和林业生产的 117 个 PJ 中，37 个 PJ 被收获作为薪柴并燃烧（每年人均 10.9 GJ 或 0.72 吨木材，供应该国 80% 的能源），12 个 PJ 被收获用于食品，66 个 PJ 为未利用的农作物和林业剩余物，37 个 PJ 被收获的农作物剩余物直接用作燃料，2 个 PJ 被收获并用于 工业用途而非燃料。畜牧业产生的废物的能量含量为 13 PJ，其中只有 0.1 PJ 被收集并用作燃料。因此，每年生产的 131 PJ 生物质能源中，有 54 PJ（41%）被实际利用，而 49 PJ 仍然是未使用的农业残留物和粪便，另外 27 PJ 是未使用的林业残留物。直接用于提供能源的生物质（薪材、残渣和粪便）总量估计为 40 PJ（人均每年 11.8 GJ 或 0.79 吨薪材当量），主要用于家庭。相比之下，农业工业中的直接生物质能源利用（0.4 PJ）可以忽略不计。对塞拉利昂生物质存量和MAI（平均年增量）进行了两次评估，以评估各种生物质利用方案的可持续性。两次评估的 MAI 之间存在很大差异，因此很难预测生物质生产和利用的可持续性。总立木蓄积量估计在 227 至 366 公吨之间变化，MAI 估计在 15 至 70 公吨之间变化。如果要可持续地使用生物质能源，则对生物质资源的可用性和使用进行分析至关重要。软件包已经开发出来，可用于起草生物质流程图，但还需要进一步的工作来纳入社会和经济成本。 (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Terrestrial above-ground biomass production and utilisation in Sierra Leone was analysed for the years 1984/5 to 1990/1. The total production of biomass energy was estimated at an annual average of 131 PJ (39% from agriculture, 51% from forestry and 10% from livestock). Of the 117 PJ produced from agricultural and forestry operations, 37 PJ was harvested as firewood and burnt (10.9 GJ or 0.72 t wood per capita per year, supplying 80% of the country's energy), 12 PJ was harvested for food, 66 PJ was unutilised crop and forestry residues, 37 PJ was harvested crop residues for use directly as fuel, and 2 PJ was harvested and used for industrial purposes and not for fuel. Livestock produced wastes with an energy content of 13 PJ of which only 0.1 PJ was collected and used for fuel. Thus 54 PJ (41%) of the 131 PJ of biomass energy produced annually was actually utilised while 49 PJ remained as unused agricultural residues and dung, and a further 27 PJ was unused forestry residues. The total amount of biomass (fuelwood, residues and dung) used directly to provide energy, mostly in households, was estimated at 40 PJ (11.8 GJ per capita per year or 0.79 t fuelwood equivalent). Direct biomass energy utilisation in agroindustry (0.4 PJ) was negligible in comparison.Two assessments of Sierra Leone's biomass standing stock and MAI (mean annual increment) were examined in order to assess the sustainability of various biomass use scenarios. Large differences were found between the MAI of the two assessments, making it difficult to predict sustainability of biomass production and use. The estimation of total standing stock varied between 227 and 366 Mt and the estimation of MAI varied between 15 and 70 Mt.Analysis of the availability and use of the biomass resource is crucial if biomass energy is to be used on a sustainable basis. A software package has been developed and is available to draft biomass flow charts but further work is needed to incorporate social and economic costs. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.