Properties of embryoid bodies
Properties of embryoid bodies
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DOI：
10.1002/wdev.259
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Serup, Palle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Brickman, Joshua M.;Serup, Palle
类胚体（EBs）作为多能干细胞的体外分化模型已有50多年的历史。最初，EBs被定义为胚胎癌细胞形成的聚集体，在从早期小鼠囊胚中衍生出核型正常的胚胎干细胞后，EBs变得更加突出。在许多情况下，EB的形成构成了定向分化方案中的重要初始步骤，该方案旨在从未分化的干细胞产生特定的细胞类型。事实上，用于心肌细胞定向分化的最新方案仍然依赖于该初始EB步骤。对EB中胚胎干细胞自发分化的分析已经对指导原始内胚层分化的分子产生了重要的见解，并且我们所学到的关于控制这种分化事件的信号和转录因子的许多教训都归功于EB模型，这些模型后来在早期小鼠胚胎的研究中得到了广泛的验证。EB表现出一定程度的自我组织，模仿早期胚胎发育的某些方面，但有重要的例外。最近的研究，采用现代信号报告和示踪剂的谱系承诺揭示了的优势和弱点的EB作为一个模型的胚胎轴的形成。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了EB作为实验模型的历史，应用和未来的潜力。(C)2016 Wiley Periodicals，Inc.
Embryoid bodies (EBs) have been popular in vitro differentiation models for pluripotent stem cells for more than five decades. Initially, defined as aggregates formed by embryonal carcinoma cells, EBs gained more prominence after the derivation of karyotypically normal embryonic stem cells from early mouse blastocysts. In many cases, formation of EBs constitutes an important initial step in directed differentiation protocols aimed at generated specific cell types from undifferentiated stem cells. Indeed state-of-the-art protocols for directed differentiation of cardiomyocytes still rely on this initial EB step. Analyses of spontaneous differentiation of embryonic stem cells in EBs have yielded important insights into the molecules that direct primitive endoderm differentiation and many of the lessons we have learned about the signals and transcription factors governing this differentiation event is owed to EB models, which later were extensively validated in studies of early mouse embryos. EBs show a degree of self-organization that mimics some aspects of early embryonic development, but with important exceptions. Recent studies that employ modern signaling reporters and tracers of lineage commitment have revealed both the strengths and the weaknesses of EBs as a model of embryonic axis formation. In this review, we discuss the history, application, and future potential of EBs as an experimental model. (C) 2016 Wiley Periodicals,inc.