An estuarine observatory for real‐time telemetry of migrant macrofauna: Design, performance, and constraints
An estuarine observatory for real‐time telemetry of migrant macrofauna: Design, performance, and constraints
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大型迁徙动物实时遥测的河口观测站：设计、性能和约束
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Sisak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Grothues;K. Able;J. McDonnell;M. Sisak
2002年，我们开始标记大型动物，并在美国新泽西州南部的穆利卡河和大湾口建立了一系列水听器，作为研究迁徙的天文台的一部分。水听器阵列在几个方面与其他型号的遥测程序不同。无线无线电链接设计提供了将实时观察与反应性采样方案(包括移动跟踪)相结合的能力，通过频繁更新基于万维网的远程学习程序提供公共互动，并节省船舶时间。然而，无线设计更适合于旋转门状的声门，而不是定位，而且在大范围研究区域内，在瓶颈处战略定位水听器比连续接触发射器更受欢迎。水听器阵列得到了两个现有海洋观测站项目的基础设施的补充，这些项目侧重于物理过程。这些是河口入海口外的长期生态系统观测站(LEO-15)和雅克·库斯托国家河口研究保护区(JCNERR)在河流和河口内的全系统监测方案。本文从基础设施、部署前调查以及通过水听器放置、维护、校准和数据收集的生物学考虑，概述了阵列设计和实施中的注意事项。此外，它还对天文台和研究区域进行了全面的描述，以供正在研究的生物的生物学工作中参考。水听器阵列作为一个单元，打算逐步扩展到其他河口，以帮助我们了解栖息地的使用情况，以及在沿海迁徙期间利用河口栖息地的物种。
In 2002, we began tagging macrofauna and established an array of hydrophones in the Mullica River and Great Bay estuary in southern New Jersey, USA, as part of an observatory for the study of migration. The hydrophone array differs from other model telemetry programs in several aspects. The wireless radio‐linked design provides the capability to couple observation in real time with reactive sampling schemes (including mobile tracking), provides for public interaction via frequent updates to a Worldwide Web‐based distance learning program, and saves ship time. However, the wireless design is more amenable to a turnstile‐like acoustic gate than to positioning, and strategic positioning of hydrophones at bottlenecks is favored over continuous contact of transmitters within the large study area. The hydrophone array is supplemented by infrastructure from two existing marine observatory programs focused on physical processes. These are the Long‐term Ecosystem Observatory (LEO‐15) outside the estuarine inlet and the System‐Wide Monitoring Program of the Jacques Cousteau National Estuarine Research Reserve (JCNERR) within the river and estuary. This article outlines considerations in the design and implementation of the array from infrastructure, predeployment survey, and biological considerations through hydrophone placement, maintenance, calibration, and data collection. Further, it presents a comprehensive description of the observatory and study area for reference in works on the biology of those organisms under study. The hydrophone array serves as a unit intended for stepwise extension into other estuaries to assist in our understanding of habitat use and of those species that use estuarine habitat during coastal migration.