Distinguishing between HII regions and planetary nebulae with Hi-GAL, WISE, MIPSGAL, and GLIMPSE
Distinguishing between HII regions and planetary nebulae with Hi-GAL, WISE, MIPSGAL, and GLIMPSE
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使用 Hi-GAL、WISE、MIPSGAL 和 GLIMPSE 区分 HII 区域和行星状星云
DOI:
10.1051/0004-6361/201117640
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
6.5
通讯作者:
Anderson L
中科院分区:
文献类型:
--
作者:
Anderson L
ContextH II regions and planetary nebulae (PNe) both emit at radio and infrared (IR) wavelengths, and angularly small H II regions can be mistaken for PNe. This problem of classification is most severe for H II regions in an early evolutionary stage, those that are extremely distant, or those that are both young and distant. Previous work has shown that H II regions and PNe can be separated based on their infrared colors.AimsUsing data from theHerschelHi-GAL survey, as well as WISE and theSpitzerMIPSGAL and GLIMPSE surveys, we wish to establish characteristic IR colors that can be used to distinguish between H II regions and PNe.MethodsWe perform aperture photometry measurements for a sample of 126 H II regions and 43 PNe at wavelengths from 8.0μm to 500μm.ResultsWe find that H II regions and PNe have distinct IR colors. The most robust discriminating color criteria are [F12/F8] < 0.3, [F160/F12] > 1.3, and [F160/F24] > 0.8 (or alternately [F160/F22] > 0.8), where the brackets indicate the log of the flux ratio. All three of these criteria are individually satisfied by over 98% of our sample of H II regions and by ~10% of our sample of PNe. Combinations of these colors are more robust in separating the two populations; for example all H II regions and no PNe satisfy [F12/F8] < 0.4 and [F160/F22] > 0.8. When applied to objects of unknown classification, these criteria prove useful in separating the two populations. The dispersion in color is relatively small for H II regions; this suggests that any evolution in these colors with time for H II regions must be relatively modest. The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of H II regions can be separated into “warm” and “cold” components. The “cold” component is well-fit by a grey-body of temperature 25 K. The SEDs of nearly two-thirds of our sample of H II regions peak at 160μm and one third peak at 70μm. For PNe, 67% of the SEDs peak at 70μm, 23% peak at either 22μm or 24μm, and 9% (two sources) peak at 160μm.
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DOI:
10.1017/s0074180900208826
发表时间:
2003
期刊:
The Astrophysical Journal Letters
影响因子:
--
作者:
K. Volk;S. Kwok
通讯作者:
S. Kwok
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2010
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
J. P. Phillips;R. A. Márquez
通讯作者:
R. A. Márquez
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2009
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
M. Cohen
通讯作者:
M. Cohen
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2005
期刊:
影响因子:
--
作者:
M. Cohen;A. Green;M. Roberts;M. Meade;B. Babler;R. Indebetouw;B. Whitney;C. Watson;M. Wolfire;M. Wolff;J. Mathis;E. Churchwell
通讯作者:
E. Churchwell
DOI:
--
发表时间:
2003
期刊:
--
影响因子:
--
作者:
S. Kwok;M. Dopita;R. Sutherland
通讯作者:
S. Kwok;M. Dopita;R. Sutherland