Hypothalamic mechanisms in cachexia.
Hypothalamic mechanisms in cachexia.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.03.011
复制
发表时间：
2010-07-14
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Marks, Daniel L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Grossberg, Aaron J.;Scarlett, Jarrad M.;Marks, Daniel L.
营养和平衡代谢在正常生长、发育和健康维持中的作用是众所周知的。急性或慢性疾病患者往往表现为营养平衡失调。在某些情况下，一种被称为恶病质的毁灭性的营养不良状态会出现，这是由食欲急剧下降和脂肪和瘦体重代谢增加的协同作用造成的。其他不需要诊断的常见特征包括自主运动减少、胰岛素抵抗和快感缺乏。这种组合存在于许多疾病中，包括癌症、囊性纤维化、艾滋病、类风湿关节炎、肾衰竭和阿尔茨海默病。这些疾病中恶病质的严重程度往往是生活质量和最终死亡率的主要决定因素。事实上，艾滋病患者的体重保留与生存的关系比目前任何其他疾病的衡量标准都要密切。这导致了对恶病质的深入研究，并提出了许多关于其病因的假说。大多数作者认为，炎症和恶性肿瘤期间释放的细胞因子作用于中枢神经系统，改变了许多神经递质的释放和功能，从而改变了食欲和代谢率。本文将讨论人类疾病中恶病质的显著特征，并综述炎症改变大脑关键区域功能以产生典型疾病行为的机制。
The role of nutrition and balanced metabolism in normal growth, development, and health maintenance is well known. Patients affected with either acute or chronic diseases often show disorders of nutrient balance. In some cases, a devastating state of malnutrition known as cachexia arises, brought about by a synergistic combination of a dramatic decrease in appetite and an increase in metabolism of fat and lean body mass. Other common features that are not required for the diagnosis include decreases in voluntary movement, insulin resistance, and anhedonia. This combination is found in a number of disorders including cancer, cystic fibrosis, AIDS, rheumatoid arthritis, renal failure, and Alzheimer's disease. The severity of cachexia in these illnesses is often the primary determining factor in both quality of life, and in eventual mortality. Indeed, body mass retention in AIDS patients has a stronger association with survival than any other current measure of the disease. This has led to intense investigation of cachexia and the proposal of numerous hypotheses regarding its etiology. Most authors suggest that cytokines released during inflammation and malignancy act on the central nervous system to alter the release and function of a number of neurotransmitters, thereby altering both appetite and metabolic rate. This review will discuss the salient features of cachexia in human diseases, and review the mechanisms whereby inflammation alters the function of key brain regions to produce stereotypical illness behavior.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
158.5
作者：
BARACOS, V;RODEMANN, HP;GOLDBERG, AL
通讯作者：
GOLDBERG, AL
DOI：
10.1053/beem.2001.0162
发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
7.4
作者：
Carroll, PV
通讯作者：
Carroll, PV
影响因子：
15.9
作者：
Cheung, W;Yu, PX;Mak, RH
通讯作者：
Mak, RH
影响因子：
45.3
作者：
Capuron, L;Ravaud, A;Dantzer, R
通讯作者：
Dantzer, R
影响因子：
3
作者：
Chance, WT;Balasubramaniam, A;Fischer, JE
通讯作者：
Fischer, JE