The relationship between dietary protein content, body condition, and Δ15N in a mammalian omnivore
The relationship between dietary protein content, body condition, and Δ15N in a mammalian omnivore
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哺乳动物杂食动物中膳食蛋白质含量、身体状况和 α15N 之间的关系
DOI：
10.1007/s00442-017-4010-5
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Newsome, Seth D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hughes, Kelli L.;Whiteman, John P.;Newsome, Seth D.
食物供应的季节性减少可能导致动物分解代谢内源性组织，由此导致的瘦体重损失可能会阻碍它们的觅食和繁殖能力。虽然有几项研究认为氮同位素（δ 15 N）是一种指示剂，但蛋白质摄入量，身体状况和组织δ 15 N之间的关系尚未在受控条件下同时评估。我们对实验室小鼠（Mus musculus）进行了饲养实验，以测试低（5%）与高（30-40%）膳食蛋白质含量对瘦肉质量、脂肪质量和组织δ 15 N的影响。这种方法能够区分外源性和内源性氮的使用，阐明了蛋白质代谢和组织合成的框架。正如预期的那样，喂食低蛋白饮食的小鼠的瘦体重和体脂较低。血浆-饲料和肝脏-饲料之间的氮同位素辨别力（Δ 15 N）在饲料处理之间没有差异。与此相反，在低蛋白质处理中，毛发的Δ 15 N降低，而肌肉和RBC的Δ 15 N增加。这些模式表明，处于负氮平衡的动物分解代谢不稳定的内源性蛋白质（例如，肌肉）以维持重要组织（例如，肝）需要生存。因此，肌肉和RBC δ 15 N值似乎在评估动物的营养状态方面最有用。我们将身体状况的直接测量与δ 15 N分析相结合，通过证明组织特异性代谢过程与Δ 15 N之间的联系，表明氮同位素如何更好地用作分解代谢和合成代谢活动的示踪剂，从而改进δ 15 N作为评估野生动物氮平衡的工具的应用。
Seasonal reductions in food availability may cause animals to catabolize endogenous tissue and the resulting loss of lean mass can hinder their ability to forage and reproduce. While several studies have considered nitrogen isotopes (δ15N) as an indicator of catabolism, relationships between protein intake, body condition, and tissue δ15N have not been assessed simultaneously in controlled conditions. We conducted a feeding experiment on laboratory mice (Mus musculus) to test the effects of low (5%) versus high (30–40%) dietary protein content on lean mass, fat mass, and tissue δ15N. This approach enables the distinction between use of exogenous and endogenous nitrogen, illuminating a framework of protein metabolism and tissue synthesis. As expected, lean mass and body fat were lower in mice fed low-protein diets. Nitrogen isotope discrimination (Δ15N) between blood plasma-diet and liver-diet did not differ between diet treatments. In contrast, Δ15N for hair decreased while Δ15N for muscle and RBC increased in the low-protein treatment. These patterns suggest that animals in negative nitrogen balance catabolize labile endogenous protein (e.g., muscle) to maintain vital tissues (e.g., liver) required to survive. Consequently, muscle and RBC δ15N values appear to be the most useful in assessing the nutritional state of animals. Our combination of direct measurements of body condition with δ15N analysis suggest how nitrogen isotopes can be better used as tracers of catabolic and anabolic activity by demonstrating connections between tissue-specific metabolic processes and Δ15N, thus refining the application of δ15N as a tool for assessing nitrogen balance in wild animals.
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