The effects of expectancy violations on early attention to race in an impression-formation paradigm
The effects of expectancy violations on early attention to race in an impression-formation paradigm
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DOI：
10.1080/17470919.2011.609906
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Gyurovski, Ivo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dickter, Cheryl;Gyurovski, Ivo
先前的研究表明，事件相关电位（ERP）的早期注意成分反映了人感知过程中对种族的不同注意。还有证据表明，印象形成后刻板信息之间的不一致会导致后期 ERP 组件中更大的神经处理。然而，研究尚未检验印象形成后的预期违规如何影响种族的早期注意力处理。当前的研究通过引导白人参与者根据与黑人或白人刻板印象相关的积极或消极行为形成对目标的印象，目的是创造对黑人或白人目标的期望，从而研究了这个问题。在每次印象形成试验之后，都会显示一个其种族违反或证实了这一预期的目标面孔。参与者表明该目标是否可以执行先前的行为。结果表明，反应时间和 ERP 的早期注意力成分随着预期和目标面孔种族之间的匹配而变化，与预期确认试验相比，违反刻板预期的试验会产生更长的反应时间和更大的 N1 和 N2 幅度。讨论了对印象形成和个人感知的影响。
Previous research has demonstrated that early attentional components of the event-related potential (ERP) reflect differential attention to race during person perception. There is also evidence that inconsistency between stereotypic information following impression formation leads to greater neural processing in later ERP components. However, research has not examined how expectancy violations following impression formation affect the early attentional processing of race. The current study examined this issue by leading White participants to form impressions of targets based on positive or negative behaviors associated with stereotypes about Blacks or Whites, with the purpose of creating an expectation of Black or White targets. Following each impression formation trial, a target face whose race either violated or confirmed this expectancy was displayed. Participants indicated whether this target could have performed the previous behavior. Results demonstrated that reaction times and early attentional components of the ERP varied as a function of the match between expectancy and the race of target faces, with stereotypic expectancy violating trials yielding longer reaction times and greater N1 and N2 amplitudes than expectancy-confirming trials. Implications for impression formation and person perception are discussed.