Diffusion and Superdiffusion from Hydrodynamic Projections

Diffusion and Superdiffusion from Hydrodynamic Projections
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流体动力学投影的扩散和超扩散

DOI:
10.1007/s10955-021-02863-6
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
1.6
通讯作者:
Doyon B
Doyon B
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Doyon B

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流体动力学投影,即表示流体波在弹道传播的守恒电荷上的投影,在多体系统中给出准确的输运结果,如精确的Drude重量。以一维系统为例,证明了该原理可以扩展到欧拉尺度之外,特别是扩散和超扩散尺度。通过流体力学约化,构造了可观测的Hilbert空间,推广了守恒密度的标准空间,描述了流体动力学的更精细尺度。Onsager矩阵的Green-Kubo公式在扩散空间中有一个自然的表达式。这个空间与二次扩展电荷有关,任何此类电荷上的投影都给出了扩散的一般下界。特别地,线性扩展电荷中的双线性表达式导致了可从热力学计算的显式扩散下界,并且例如适用于一般的动量守恒的一维系统。双线性电荷被解释为最大熵态流形上的协变导数,代表了弹道波散射对扩散的贡献。对分数扩展电荷的分析,结合超扩散现象学中的聚集性质,给出了超扩散指数的下界。这些边界重现了非线性脉动流体力学的预测,包括类声模的Kardar-Parisi-Zhang指数2/3,类热模的Levy分布指数3/5,以及完整的斐波纳契数列。
Hydrodynamic projections, the projection onto conserved charges representing ballistic propagation of fluid waves, give exact transport results in many-body systems, such as the exact Drude weights. Focussing one one-dimensional systems, I show that this principle can be extended beyond the Euler scale, in particular to the diffusive and superdiffusive scales. By hydrodynamic reduction, Hilbert spaces of observables are constructed that generalise the standard space of conserved densities and describe the finer scales of hydrodynamics. The Green–Kubo formula for the Onsager matrix has a natural expression within the diffusive space. This space is associated with quadratically extensive charges, and projections onto any such charge give generic lower bounds for diffusion. In particular, bilinear expressions in linearly extensive charges lead to explicit diffusion lower bounds calculable from the thermodynamics, and applicable for instance to generic momentum-conserving one-dimensional systems. Bilinear charges are interpreted as covariant derivatives on the manifold of maximal entropy states, and represent the contribution to diffusion from scattering of ballistic waves. An analysis of fractionally extensive charges, combined with clustering properties from the superdiffusion phenomenology, gives lower bounds for superdiffusion exponents. These bounds reproduce the predictions of nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics, including the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang exponent 2/3 for sound-like modes, the Levy-distribution exponent 3/5 for heat-like modes, and the full Fibonacci sequence.
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