Invertebrate invasions on Pacific islands and the replacement of unique native faunas: A synthesis of the land and freshwater snails
Invertebrate invasions on Pacific islands and the replacement of unique native faunas: A synthesis of the land and freshwater snails
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1014529019000
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Cowie, Robert H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cowie, Robert H.
曾经丰富多样的本土太平洋岛屿陆地蜗牛物种，具有很高的单岛或群岛特有性，正在急剧下降。本地/特有物种正在被数量少得多的广泛分布的热带“流浪汉”所取代，即那些最容易被人类传播的物种。记录的82种引进的陆地蜗牛（包括14种“隐生的”）包括一些在欧洲人探索太平洋之前由太平洋岛民偶然分布的，现在很普遍。然而，大多数是现代引种，最近有许多偶然的引种往往与园艺贸易有关。原生淡水动物群的多样性低于陆生动物，且具有较低的地方性。在记录的59种外来淡水物种中（包括38种“隐源”物种），最多样化和最广泛的是三栖鱼。外来物种的捕食和竞争（以及栖息地的丧失）可能是本地分类群丧失的重要机制，但几乎没有定量或实验工作来证明这种生态相互作用。预防进一步传播和新的传入应是主要方法。加强公众教育和发展公众信任对这些努力的成功至关重要。
The once immense diversity of native Pacific island land snail species, with high single island or archipelago endemism, is declining dramatically. The native/endemic species are being replaced by a much smaller number of widespread tropical 'tramps', that is, those species that are most readily transported by humans. The 82 introduced (including 14 'cryptogenic') land snail species recorded include some that were distributed accidentally by Pacific islanders before European exploration of the Pacific and that are now widespread. However, the majority are modem introductions, with many recent accidental introductions often associated with the horticultural trade. Native freshwater faunas were less diverse than the terrestrial faunas and exhibited much lower endemism. Among the 59 alien freshwater species recorded (including 38 'cryptogenic' species), the most diverse and widespread are the thiarids. Predation by and competition with these aliens (as well as habitat loss) are probably important mechanisms underlying the loss of native taxa, but almost no quantitative or experimental work has been done to demonstrate such ecological interactions. Prevention of further spread and of new introductions should be the main approach. Increased public education and development of public trust is essential to the success of these efforts.