Measurement of energy expenditure
Measurement of energy expenditure
复制标题
DOI：
10.1079/phn2005800
复制
发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Levine, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Levine, JA
需要测量人类的能量消耗，以评估代谢需求，燃料利用以及不同食物，饮料，药物和情绪成分的相对热效应。间接和直接的热量和非热量的方法来测量能量消耗进行审查，并在实验室和现场设置的测量的相对价值进行评估。在需要高精度和足够资源的地方，可以使用开路间接热量计。开路间接热量计可以采用面罩、头罩、遮篷或房间/腔室来收集呼出的空气。对于短期测量，面罩、头罩或遮篷系统就足够了。基于腔室的系统对于特定活动模式的长期测量更准确，但行为约束意味着它们不能反映真实的生活。在资源有限和/或可能牺牲最佳精度的情况下，如果认识到这些方法的局限性，灵活的总收集系统和非量热方法可能是有用的。使用稳定同位素技术，双标记水，使每日总能量消耗被准确地测量自由生活的主题。将活动日志和活动能源成本数据相结合的因子方法也可以提供关于自由生活主题的详细信息。
Measurement of energy expenditure in humans is required to assess metabolic needs, fuel utilisation, and the relative thermic effect of different food, drink, drug and emotional components. Indirect and direct calorimetric and non-calorimetric methods for measuring energy expenditure are reviewed, and their relative value for measurement in the laboratory and field settings is assessed. Where high accuracy is required and sufficient resources are available, an open-circuit indirect calorimeter can be used. Open-circuit indirect calorimeters can employ a mask, hood, canopy or room/chamber for collection of expired air. For short-term measurements, mask, hood or canopy systems suffice. Chamber-based systems are more accurate for the long-term measurement of specified activity patterns but behaviour constraints mean they do not reflect real life. Where resources are limited and/or optimum precision can be sacrificed, flexible total collection systems and non-calorimetric methods are potentially useful if the limitations of these methods are appreciated. The use of the stable isotope technique, doubly labelled water, enables total daily energy expenditure to be measured accurately in free-living subjects. The factorial method for combining activity logs and data on the energy costs of activities can also provide detailed information on free-living subjects.