Social behavior among nocturnally migrating birds revealed by automated moonwatching
Social behavior among nocturnally migrating birds revealed by automated moonwatching
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DOI：
10.1093/ornithology/ukad055
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发表时间：
2024-01-13
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Kelly，Jeffrey F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bridge，Eli S.;Honeycutt，Wesley T.;Kelly，Jeffrey F.
候鸟在白天经常成群结队地飞行，而在晚上，人们通常认为它们单独飞行。然而，很难量化夜间迁徙过程中的群体行为，因为几乎没有直接观察个体之间相互作用的方法。我们采用了一种自动化的月球观测形式来估计在北美中央飞行道内夜间成群迁徙的鸟类的百分比。我们比较了春季和秋季鸟类群体的百分比，并研究了夜间群体行为的时间模式。我们发现，在这两个季节中，群体都很罕见，从未超过观察到的鸟类的10%，在秋季几乎不存在。我们还观察到了一个通宵模式的群体行为在春季，其中组更常见的检测到在夜间早些时候，并再次就在迁移活动停止。这一发现可能与整个夜间迁徙物种组成的变化有关，或者，它表明，群体的形成可能与地面上的群集活动有关，因为当鸟类开始和结束一夜的迁徙时，群体最为普遍。
Migrating birds often fly in group formations during the daytime, whereas at night, it is generally presumed that they fly singly. However, it is difficult to quantify group behavior during nocturnal migration as there are few means of directly observing interactions among individuals. We employed an automated form of moonwatching to estimate percentages of birds that appear to migrate in groups during the night within the Central Flyway of North America. We compared percentages of birds in groups across the spring and fall and examined overnight temporal patterns of group behavior. We found groups were rare in both seasons, never exceeding 10% of birds observed, and were almost nonexistent during the fall. We also observed an overnight pattern of group behavior in the spring wherein groups were more commonly detected early in the night and again just before migration activity ceased. This finding may be related to changes in species composition of migrants throughout the night, or alternatively, it suggests that group formation may be associated with flocking activity on the ground as groups are most prevalent when birds begin and end a night of migration.