Developments in the understanding of the biology of marine wood boring crustaceans and in methods of controlling them
Developments in the understanding of the biology of marine wood boring crustaceans and in methods of controlling them
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0964-8305(99)00054-2
复制
发表时间：
1999-06-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Henderson, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cragg, SM;Pitman, AJ;Henderson, SM
最具经济价值的钻木甲壳类属于等足类的Sphaeromatidae和Limnoriidae，这两个科最近都被修订，并有一些新物种被确认。在热带红树林中也发现了其他钻木甲壳类动物。池藻科在温带至热带沃茨均有发现，但似乎仅限于盐度接近海水的沃茨。另一方面，钻木类的Sphaeroma可以忍受极低的盐度，但仅限于亚热带和热带沃茨。已经证明有效防治圆蚧的方法（使用天然耐用木材、铜铬砷或杂酚油处理、表面涂层）在某些情况下被发现对Limnoria和Sphaeroma无效。已经对常规防腐剂的一些添加剂进行了测试，一些杀虫剂显示出加强对湖藻控制的证据。甲壳类蛀虫的营养问题可能是解决其控制问题的关键。Sphaeromatid钻孔机能够滤食，因此可能永远不会摄取应用于木材的处理剂。池藻确实会摄取木材，但木材降解隧道细菌的作用，以及它们所消化的木材中发生的软腐子囊菌和半知菌真菌的作用仍有待充分阐明。允许木材颗粒消化的木材降解酶的来源需要进一步调查。钻蛀孔的微生态对钻蛀性昆虫氮素的有效性有重要影响。进一步了解这些蛀虫所造成的问题，可以获得更好地了解他们的生态。一个更好的测试协议的防腐剂已开发作为一个结果的知识的自然垂直分布的Sphaeroma。行为研究表明，解决木材的Limnoria是增强来自同种和木材栖息的微生物的因素。(C)1999 Elsevier Science Ltd.保留所有权利。
The most economically important wood boring Crustacea belong to the isopod families Sphaeromatidae and Limnoriidae, both of which have been recently revised and a number of new species have been recognised. Other wood boring crustaceans have now been recognised from tropical mangrove sites. Limnoriids are found from temperate to tropical waters, but appear to be restricted to waters with salinities close to that of seawater. Wood-boring species of Sphaeroma on the other hand can tolerate extremely low salinities, but are restricted to sub-tropical and tropical waters. Approaches to borer control that have proved effective against teredinids (use of naturally durable timber, copper-chrome-arsenic or creosote treatment, surface coatings) have been found under certain circumstances to be ineffective against Limnoria and Sphaeroma. A number of additives to conventional preservatives have been tested, with some insecticides showing evidence of enhancing Limnoria control. The question of crustacean borer nutrition may hold the key to problems of their control. Sphaeromatid borers are capable of filter-feeding and thus may never ingest the treatments applied to wood. Limnoriids do ingest wood, but the role of wood degrading tunneling bacteria, and soft-rotting ascomycete and deuteromycete fungi occurring in the wood they digest remains to be fully elucidated. The source or sources of wood-degrading enzymes that permit digestion of wood particles requires further investigation. The microecology of borer burrows has an important bearing on the availability of nitrogen for borers. Further insights into the problems posed by these borers may be obtained with a better understanding of their ecology. A better testing protocol for preservatives has been developed as a result of knowledge of the natural vertical distribution of Sphaeroma. Behavioural studies indicate that settlement on wood by Limnoria is enhanced by factors derived from conspecifics and from wood-inhabiting microorganisms. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.