Human memory development and its dysfunction after early hippocampal injury
Human memory development and its dysfunction after early hippocampal injury
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tins.2006.05.008
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发表时间：
2006-07-01
影响因子：
15.9
通讯作者：
Vargha-Khadem, Faraneh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Haan, Michelle;Mishkin, Mortimer;Vargha-Khadem, Faraneh
认知记忆包括对事实的长期记忆（语义记忆）和个人经历（情景记忆）。海马和相关的内侧颞叶（MTL）结构对成人认知记忆至关重要，但对婴儿期和儿童期记忆的贡献知之甚少。我们认为，MTL参与记忆从生命的早期，支持识别记忆在出生后的第一个月内和回忆记忆在第一年。我们提出，正常的发展涉及一个序列，其中一种形式的语义记忆出现第一，而情节记忆的特点，只有后来的海马体的逐步发展。海马体的早期双侧损伤破坏了这种正常模式，使得记忆技能不能发展到语义记忆阶段之外。这篇综述是INMED/TINS特刊《大脑发育和神经系统疾病中的自然和养育》的一部分，基于年度INMED/TINS研讨会（http：//inmednet.com/）上的介绍。
Cognitive memory involves long-term memories for facts (semantic memory) and personal experiences (episodic memory) that can be brought to mind. There is consensus that the hippocampus and related medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures are crucial for adult cognitive memory, but much less is known about their contribution to memory during infancy and childhood. We argue that the MTL is involved in memory from early in life, supporting recognition memory within the first postnatal months and recall memory within the first year. We propose that normal development involves a sequence in which a form of semantic-like memory emerges first, whereas the characteristics of episodic memory develop only later with progressive development of the hippocampus. Early bilateral injury to the hippocampus disrupts this normal pattern such that memory skills cannot develop beyond the stage of semantic memories. This review is part of the INMED/TINS special issue Nature and nurture in brain development and neurological disorders, based on presentations at the annual INMED/TINS symposium (http://inmednet.com/).