Automatic design and manufacture of robotic lifeforms
Automatic design and manufacture of robotic lifeforms
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DOI：
10.1038/35023115
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发表时间：
2000-08-31
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Pollack, JB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lipson, H;Pollack, JB
生物生命控制着自己的繁殖方式，这通常涉及复杂的、自动催化的化学反应。但这种设计和制造的自主性还没有人工实现(1)。机器人仍然由人类工程师团队费力地设计和建造，通常花费相当大的费用。几乎没有机器人可用，因为这些成本必须通过大规模生产来吸收，这只适用于玩具、武器和自动取款机等工业系统。在这里，我们报告了一种计算和实验相结合的方法的结果，在这种方法中，简单的机电系统通过模拟从基本的构建块(杆、执行器和人工神经元)演变而来；然后使用快速制造技术来制造最适合的机器(由它们的运动能力定义)。因此，我们实现了设计和建造的自主性，使用与自动制造相结合的“有限宇宙”物理模拟(2，3)中的进化。
Biological life is in control of its own means of reproduction, which generally involves complex, autocatalysing chemical reactions. But this autonomy of design and manufacture has not yet been realized artificially(1). Robots are still laboriously designed and constructed by teams of human engineers, usually at considerable expense. Few robots are available because these costs must be absorbed through mass production, which is justified only for toys, weapons and industrial systems such as automatic teller machines. Here we report the results of a combined computational and experimental approach in which simple electromechanical systems are evolved through simulations from basic building blocks (bars, actuators and artificial neurons); the 'fittest' machines (defined by their locomotive ability) are then fabricated robotically using rapid manufacturing technology. We thus achieve autonomy of design and construction using evolution in a 'limited universe' physical simulation(2,3) coupled to automatic fabrication.