THE TEACHING AND PRACTICE OF FILIAL PIETY IN BUDDHISM
THE TEACHING AND PRACTICE OF FILIAL PIETY IN BUDDHISM
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DOI：
10.1017/jlr.2016.20
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Guang, Xing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guang, Xing
陈启宗等佛教学者认为，孝道是中国佛教对中国文化的回应。其他人，包括约翰·斯特朗和格雷戈里·舒开普，已经表明孝道在印度佛教中也很重要，但斯特朗并不认为它是信仰体系中不可或缺的一部分，舒开普在他检查的早期著作中也没有发现这一点的证据。在这篇文章中，我通过对早期佛教资源尼伽玛和阿伽马的分析，论证了孝道修行自佛教道德教育开始以来一直是佛教道德教育的主要善业，尽管它不像儒家伦理那样是佛教伦理的基础。佛陀建议人们将父母尊崇为梵天，印度教的至高无上的神和人类的创造者，因为父母为他们的孩子做了很多事情。因此，佛教教导追随者通过支持和尊重父母来偿还他们的债务，在佛教道德教义中，这些行为被认为是所有功德或善业中的第一位。此外，根据佛教的因果报应，杀母杀父被认为是五大恶行中的两种，其后果是立即在地狱重生。摩耶佛教进一步发展了孝道思想，形成了对父母、众生、尺子和佛教教义四个群体的四债，在中国佛教中非常流行，并传播到其他东亚国家。
Buddhist scholars like Kenneth Ch'en have argued that the teaching of filial piety was a special feature of Chinese Buddhism as a response to the Chinese culture. Others, among them John Strong and Gregory Schopen, have shown that filial piety was also important in Indian Buddhism, but Strong does not consider it integral to the belief system and Schopen did not find evidence of it in early writings he examined. In this article, through an analysis of early Buddhist resources, the Nikyas and Agamas, I demonstrate that the practice of filial piety has been the chief good karma in the Buddhist moral teaching since its inception, although it is not as foundational for Buddhist ethics as it is for Confucian ethics. The Buddha advised people to honor parents as the Brahm, the supreme god and the creator of human beings in Hinduism, as parents have done much for their children. Hence, Buddhism teaches its followers to pay their debts to parents by supporting and respecting them, actions that are considered the first of all meritorious deeds, or good karma, in Buddhist moral teachings. Moreover, according to the Buddhist teaching of karma, matricide and patricide are considered two of the five gravest bad deeds, and the consequence is immediate rebirth in hell. Mahyna Buddhism developed the idea of filial piety further and formulated the four debts to four groups of peopleparents, sentient beings, rulers, and Buddhisma teaching that became very popular in Chinese Buddhism and spread to other East Asian countries.