Quantitative analysis of functional reconstructions reveals lateral and axial zonation in the renal inner medulla.

Quantitative analysis of functional reconstructions reveals lateral and axial zonation in the renal inner medulla.
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DOI:
10.1152/ajprenal.00068.2008
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发表时间:
2008-06
期刊:
American journal of physiology. Renal physiology
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
T. Pannabecker;Cory Henderson;W. Dantzler
T. Pannabecker;Cory Henderson;W. Dantzler
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
T. Pannabecker;Cory Henderson;W. Dantzler

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亨利袢、下降直肠血管 (DVR)、上升血管直肠 (AVR) 和集合管 (CD) 的降细肢 (DTL) 和升细肢 (ATL) 的三维功能重建允许定量定义大鼠内髓质 (IM) 中可能具有功能意义的横向和轴向区域。 CD 簇形成 IM 最初 3.0-3.5 mm 中 Henle 环和直肠血管环的组织基序。使用欧几里得距离映射,我们通过距离任何 CD 最远的像素定义每个簇的横向边界。 DTL 和 DVR 几乎精确地位于这个独立定义的边界上,将它们放置在距离任何 CD 最大距离的簇间间质中。 ATL 和 AVR 在整个簇间和簇内区域中处于几乎一致的模式,我们通过每个簇中 CD 周围的多边形进一步区分它们。与各个 CD 簇相关的环显示出与 IM 中所有环在一起类似的轴向指数下降。由于 IM 基底 CD 簇下方约 3.0-3.5 毫米不再形成组织基序,所有 DTL 都缺乏水通道蛋白 1 (AQP1),并且所有直肠血管都有窗孔,因此我们将 IM 的前 3.0-3.5 毫米指定为“外区”(OZ),将最后 1.5-2.0 毫米指定为“内区”(IZ)。根据仅在前 1 毫米中存在完全 AQP1 无效的 DTL 以及仅在最后 0.5 毫米中存在的宽横向环路弯曲,我们将它们进一步细分为 OZ-1、OZ-2、IZ-1 和 IZ-2。这些横向节段将环弯曲周围可能的 NaCl 流出的表面积从乳头最后 100 微米的 CD 表面积的约 40% 扩大到约 140%。
Three-dimensional functional reconstructions of descending thin limbs (DTLs) and ascending thin limbs (ATLs) of loops of Henle, descending vasa recta (DVR), ascending vasa recta (AVR), and collecting ducts (CDs) permit quantitative definition of lateral and axial zones of probable functional significance in rat inner medulla (IM). CD clusters form the organizing motif for loops of Henle and vasa recta in the initial 3.0-3.5 mm of the IM. Using Euclidean distance mapping, we defined the lateral boundary of each cluster by pixels lying maximally distant from any CD. DTLs and DVR lie almost precisely on this independently defined boundary, placing them in the intercluster interstitium maximally distant from any CD. ATLs and AVR lie in a nearly uniform pattern throughout intercluster and intracluster regions, which we further differentiated by a polygon around CDs in each cluster. Loops associated with individual CD clusters show a similar axial exponential decrease as all loops together in the IM. Because approximately 3.0-3.5 mm below the IM base CD clusters cease to form the organizing motif, all DTLs lack aquaporin 1 (AQP1), and all vasa recta are fenestrated, we have designated the first 3.0-3.5 mm of the IM the "outer zone" (OZ) and the final 1.5-2.0 mm the "inner zone" (IZ). We further subdivided these into OZ-1, OZ-2, IZ-1, and IZ-2 on the basis of the presence of completely AQP1-null DTLs only in the first 1 mm and on broad transverse loop bends only in the final 0.5 mm. These transverse segments expand surface area for probable NaCl efflux around loop bends from approximately 40% to approximately 140% of CD surface area in the final 100 microm of the papilla.