Recombination every day: abundant recombination in a virus during a single multi-cellular host infection.
Recombination every day: abundant recombination in a virus during a single multi-cellular host infection.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.0030089
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发表时间：
2005-03
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
病毒重组可以极大地影响进化和流行病学。在病毒中，重组率取决于受感染宿主细胞内不同病毒基因组之间的基因交换频率，以及这种联合感染发生的频率。虽然最近在实验中对几种病毒共同感染的细胞培养物的重组率进行了评估，但在最有生物学意义的水平上，即宿主感染的水平上，仍然缺乏直接的量化。这项研究以花椰菜花叶病毒为模型填补了这一空白。我们沿着病毒基因组分布了四个中性标记，并与含有标记的病毒和野生型病毒共同接种宿主植物。于接种后21d检测重组基因组频率。平均而言，在单一宿主感染后恢复的病毒基因组中，超过50%是重组体，这清楚地表明重组在该病毒中非常频繁。对重组率的估计表明，基因组的所有区域都同样受到这一过程的影响。假设在我们的实验中发生了10个病毒复制周期-基于外壳蛋白检测时间的数据-每个碱基和复制周期的重组率在2×10−5到4×10−5的数量级。首次测定了单个多细胞宿主感染期间的病毒重组率，表明重组在该病毒的日常生活中非常频繁。对花椰菜花叶病毒在感染期间的重组的分析表明，重组是极其频繁的，并提供了植物病毒的第一个估计范围。
Viral recombination can dramatically impact evolution and epidemiology. In viruses, the recombination rate depends on the frequency of genetic exchange between different viral genomes within an infected host cell and on the frequency at which such co-infections occur. While the recombination rate has been recently evaluated in experimentally co-infected cell cultures for several viruses, direct quantification at the most biologically significant level, that of a host infection, is still lacking. This study fills this gap using the cauliflower mosaic virus as a model. We distributed four neutral markers along the viral genome, and co-inoculated host plants with marker-containing and wild-type viruses. The frequency of recombinant genomes was evaluated 21 d post-inoculation. On average, over 50% of viral genomes recovered after a single host infection were recombinants, clearly indicating that recombination is very frequent in this virus. Estimates of the recombination rate show that all regions of the genome are equally affected by this process. Assuming that ten viral replication cycles occurred during our experiment—based on data on the timing of coat protein detection—the per base and replication cycle recombination rate was on the order of 2 × 10−5 to 4 × 10−5. This first determination of a virus recombination rate during a single multi-cellular host infection indicates that recombination is very frequent in the everyday life of this virus. An analysis of recombination of the cauliflower mosaic virus during an infection reveals that recombination is extremely frequent and provides the first range of estimates for a plant virus