Inefficient effort allocation and negative symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia.
Inefficient effort allocation and negative symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.schres.2015.12.017
复制
发表时间：
2016-02
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Blanchard JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
McCarthy JM;Treadway MT;Bennett ME;Blanchard JJ
诸如无欲和快感缺乏之类的负面症状被认为与奖励处理和动机方面的困难有关。目前的研究旨在复制和扩展先前的研究结果，即精神分裂症患者为获得奖励而付出努力的意愿降低，并且这种努力的减少与阴性症状、功能不良和认知障碍有关。本研究比较了精神分裂症患者 (n = 48) 和健康对照者 (n = 27) 在奖励任务 (EEfRT) 上的努力决策。在所有概率和奖励水平上，精神分裂症患者选择的困难任务比例都比健康对照组小，但概率为 12% 且奖励幅度为低或中等的试验除外，其中两组都选择了类似的少量困难任务。与预期相反，在精神分裂症患者中，更大的阴性症状与做出更努力的选择有关。精神分裂症患者的艰难决策与阳性症状、抑郁、认知和功能无关。我们的结果与先前的发现一致，先前的发现揭示了精神分裂症患者相对于健康对照组的低效决策模式。然而，结果并不支持精神分裂症中阴性症状与努力程度降低之间的假设关联，并强调了该文献中先前的不一致之处。未来的研究需要了解哪些因素可能与精神分裂症患者的努力决策减少有关，以及此类表现缺陷的临床意义。
Negative symptoms like avolition and anhedonia are thought to involve difficulties with reward processing and motivation. The current study aimed to replicate and extend prior findings that individuals with schizophrenia display reduced willingness to expend effort for rewards and that such reduced effort is associated with negative symptoms, poor functioning, and cognitive impairment. The present study compared the effortful decision making of individuals with schizophrenia (n = 48) and healthy controls (n = 27) on the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT). Individuals with schizophrenia chose a smaller proportion of hard tasks than healthy controls across all probability and reward levels with the exception of trials with a 12% probability and low or medium reward magnitude wherein both groups chose similarly few hard tasks. Contrary to expectations, in individuals with schizophrenia, greater negative symptoms were associated with making more effortful choices. Effortful decision making was unrelated to positive symptoms, depression, cognition, and functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. Our results are consistent with prior findings that revealed a pattern of inefficient decision making in individuals with schizophrenia relative to healthy controls. However the results did not support the hypothesized association of negative symptoms and reduced effort in schizophrenia and highlight prior inconsistencies in this literature. Future research is needed to understand what factors may be related to diminished effortful decision making in schizophrenia and the clinical significance of such performance deficits.