Crop Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation Response to Tillage of a Coastal Plain Soil
Crop Yield and Nitrogen Accumulation Response to Tillage of a Coastal Plain Soil
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沿海平原土壤耕作的作物产量和氮素积累响应
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Busscher
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Hunt;P. Bauer;T. A. Matheny;W. Busscher
界定表土或底土耕作的效益对沿海平原土壤保育型作物生产系统的发展具有重要意义。本试验旨在测定砂质滨海平原土壤（细壤土、硅质土、热型土）表层和底土耕作对玉米（Zea mays）、小麦-双季大豆（Triticum aestivum L.）和甘氨酸max （L.）轮作2年的籽粒产量和氮素积累的影响。稳定]]。试验田连续18年进行了盘面耕作或不作盘面耕作的行深耕，土壤的表层残留和有机质特征不同。目前的试验是在1997年至2001年进行的，这是一个异常干旱的时期。因此，这项实验的结果提供了深入了解这些种植和耕作处理在过去半个世纪最干旱的5年期间是如何进行的。在每年的轮作中，两个阶段的作物都在以下耕作处理的地块上种植：(i)既不进行表土耕作，也不进行底土耕作，（ii）不进行表土耕作，（iii）不进行底土耕作，（iv）既进行表土耕作，又进行表土耕作。不同耕作方式对大豆的影响均不显著。在深耕条件下，玉米产量（4年平均值）与不作表面耕作差异不显著（分别为4.98和4.92 Mg ha -1）。在不深耕的情况下，不作表面耕作的玉米产量（4.24 Mg ha -1）高于作表面圆盘耕作的玉米产量（3.51 Mg ha -1）。同样，在深耕条件下，小麦产量（5年平均值）与不作地表耕作的差异不显著（分别为3.12和3.24 Mg ha -1）。在不深耕的情况下，不作表面耕作的小麦产量（2.80 Mg ha -1）高于作表面圆盘耕作的产量（2.59 Mg ha -1）。地上部干物质和籽粒氮素积累总体上遵循籽粒产量的处理响应。因此，在这个干旱时期，地表免耕和相关的有机质积累只能在一定程度上补偿对底土的需要。不论有无地表耕作，平行耕层深埋对玉米和小麦产量都非常有利。
Delineation of the benefit derived from either surface or subsoil tillage is important for the advancement of soil-conserving crop production systems in the Coastal Plain. The objective of this experiment was to measure the impact of surface and subsoil tillage of a sandy Coastal Plain soil (fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Kandiudult) on grain yield and nitrogen accumulation for a 2-yr rotation of corn (Zea mays) and wheat-double-cropped soybean {(Triticum aestivum L.) and [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]]. Soils of the experimental plots initially possessed different surface residue and organic matter characteristics because they had received in-row subsoiling with either surface-disking tillage or no surface tillage for the previous 18-consecutive years. The current experiment was conducted from 1997 to 2001, which was an exceptionally dry period. Thus, results of this experiment provide insight into how these cropping and tillage treatments performed during one of the driest 5-yr periods of the last half century. In each year, both phases of the crop rotation were grown in plots with the following tillage treatments: (i) neither surface nor subsoil tillage, (ii) paratill subsoiling without surface tillage, (iii) surface tillage without subsoiling, and (iv) both surface tillage and paratill subsoiling. Soybean was not significantly affected by any tillage treatment. With subsoiling, corn grain yields (4-yr means) were not significantly different with surface-disking tillage versus no surface tillage (4.98 and 4.92 Mg ha -1 , respectively). Without subsoiling, corn yields were higher with no surface tillage (4.24 Mg ha -1 ) than with surface-disking tillage (3.51 Mg ha -1 ). Likewise, with subsoiling, wheat grain yields (5-yr means) were not significantly different with surface-disking tillage versus no surface tillage (3.12 and 3.24 Mg ha -1 , respectively). Without subsoiling, wheat grain yields were higher with no surface tillage (2.80 Mg ha -1 ) than with surface-disking tillage (2.59 Mg ha -1 ). Nitrogen accumulations in both shoot dry matter and grain generally followed the treatment responses of grain yield. Thus, during this dry period, surface no-till and the associated accumulation of organic matter could only somewhat compensate for the need to subsoil. With or without surface tillage, paratill subsoiling was very beneficial for corn and wheat yields.