SmgGDS: An Emerging Master Regulator of Prenylation and Trafficking by Small GTPases in the Ras and Rho Families.

SmgGDS: An Emerging Master Regulator of Prenylation and Trafficking by Small GTPases in the Ras and Rho Families.
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DOI:
10.3389/fmolb.2021.685135
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Williams CL
Williams CL
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Brandt AC;Koehn OJ;Williams CL

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Ras和Rho家族中新合成的小GTP酶被胞质异戊烯基转移酶异戊烯化,然后由分子伴侣护送到膜、细胞核和GTP酶参与各种信号级联的其他位点。了解异戊烯化和贩运是如何调节的,将有助于确定癌症和其他涉及这些小GTP酶异常信号传导的疾病的新治疗策略。越来越多的证据表明,SmgGDS的剪接变体(基因名称为RAP 1GDS 1)是Ras和Rho家族成员的异戊二烯化、异戊二烯化后加工和贩运的主要调节因子。SmgGDS-607结合预异戊二烯化的小GTP酶,而SmgGDS-558结合异戊二烯化的小GTP酶。这篇综述讨论了SmgGDS研究的历史,并解释了我们目前对SmgGDS剪接变体如何调节小GTP酶的异戊烯化和贩运的理解。我们讨论了最近的证据表明,突变形式的RabL 3和Rab 22 a控制释放的小GTPases从SmgGDS,和审查的抑制作用的DiRas 1,竞争性地阻止其他小GTPases的结合SmgGDS。最后,我们讨论了目前的战略,治疗靶向SmgGDS在癌症中涉及剪接转换寡核苷酸和肽抑制剂。
Newly synthesized small GTPases in the Ras and Rho families are prenylated by cytosolic prenyltransferases and then escorted by chaperones to membranes, the nucleus, and other sites where the GTPases participate in a variety of signaling cascades. Understanding how prenylation and trafficking are regulated will help define new therapeutic strategies for cancer and other disorders involving abnormal signaling by these small GTPases. A growing body of evidence indicates that splice variants of SmgGDS (gene name RAP1GDS1) are major regulators of the prenylation, post-prenylation processing, and trafficking of Ras and Rho family members. SmgGDS-607 binds pre-prenylated small GTPases, while SmgGDS-558 binds prenylated small GTPases. This review discusses the history of SmgGDS research and explains our current understanding of how SmgGDS splice variants regulate the prenylation and trafficking of small GTPases. We discuss recent evidence that mutant forms of RabL3 and Rab22a control the release of small GTPases from SmgGDS, and review the inhibitory actions of DiRas1, which competitively blocks the binding of other small GTPases to SmgGDS. We conclude with a discussion of current strategies for therapeutic targeting of SmgGDS in cancer involving splice-switching oligonucleotides and peptide inhibitors.
Rap1 可稳定 β-连环蛋白并增强头颈部鳞状细胞癌中 β-连环蛋白依赖性转录和侵袭。
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