Phenotypic plasticity facilitates initial colonization of a novel environment
Phenotypic plasticity facilitates initial colonization of a novel environment
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DOI：
10.1111/evo.13676
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发表时间：
2019-02
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Sheng Pei Wang;D. Althoff
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sheng Pei Wang;D. Althoff
表型可塑性可以使生物体通过产生更好的匹配表型而无需任何遗传变化来响应环境变化。正因为如此，可塑性预计是一个主要的机制，通过它的人口可以生存的初始阶段殖民一个新的环境。我们通过挑战野生黑腹果蝇越来越极端的幼虫环境，然后研究乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）的表达及其与第一代遇到新环境的幼虫生存的关系来测试这一预测。我们发现，大多数家庭在适应方向增加ADH活性在较高的酒精环境和家庭的可塑性也更有可能在最高的酒精环境中生存。因此，在最极端的环境中，ADH活性的可塑性是积极选择的，是影响适应性的关键性状。此外，ADH可塑性有显着的遗传力，可以允许可塑性在初始定殖后的后代中进化。然而，可塑性的适应价值仅在最极端的环境中明显，在不太极端的环境中对适应性影响不大。结果提供了一个第一个直接测试的适应性作用的表型可塑性在殖民一个新的环境。
Phenotypic plasticity can allow organisms to respond to environmental changes by producing better matching phenotypes without any genetic change. Because of this, plasticity is predicted to be a major mechanism by which a population can survive the initial stage of colonizing a novel environment. We tested this prediction by challenging wild Drosophila melanogaster with increasingly extreme larval environments and then examining expression of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and its relationship to larval survival in the first generation of encountering a novel environment. We found that most families responded in the adaptive direction of increased ADH activity in higher alcohol environments and families with higher plasticity were also more likely to survive in the highest alcohol environment. Thus, plasticity of ADH activity was positively selected in the most extreme environment and was a key trait influencing fitness. Furthermore, there was significant heritability of ADH plasticity that can allow plasticity to evolve in subsequent generations after initial colonization. The adaptive value of plasticity, however, was only evident in the most extreme environment and had little impact on fitness in less extreme environments. The results provide one of the first direct tests of the adaptive role of phenotypic plasticity in colonizing a novel environment.