Neural circuits and functional organization of the striatum
Neural circuits and functional organization of the striatum
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DOI：
10.1007/pl00007778
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发表时间：
2000-09-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Ushiro, Hiroshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nakano, Katsuma;Kayahara, Tetsuro;Ushiro, Hiroshi
基底神经节和丘脑运动核在功能和解剖学上分为感觉运动区、辅助运动区、前运动区、联合区和边缘区。既存在初级分离的基底节-丘脑皮质环，也存在来自不同皮质区的功能相关信息向这些皮质基底节-丘脑皮质环的会聚。基底神经节-丘脑皮质回路由感觉运动区、辅助运动区、运动前区和扣带运动区组成，通过功能不同的纹状体、苍白球和丘脑区域提供不同的分离子回路，并有部分重叠。丘脑底核（subthalamic nucleus，简称丘脑底核）也是拓扑结构。苍白球内侧段尾侧2/3水平的腹外侧部通过丘脑腹外侧核（VLo）的口部投射到初级运动区（Voa，Vop，Hassler命名法）。在VApc（前腹侧核的小细胞部分）-VLo的过渡区和VLo的吻内侧部分中确定了GPi投射到SMA的丘脑中继核。传递扣带回亚环的丘脑核团尚未明确。补充运动子回路似乎分为前SMA和SMA固有子回路。运动前区又分为背侧运动前区亚回路和腹侧运动前区亚回路。这表明，在猴和大鼠中，边缘环由许多亚环组成，如Haber等人所指出的。在这里，我们回顾了纹状体的微电路，以及功能分离的环路之间的收敛和整合。最后，我们讨论了纹状体连接的功能意义。
The basal ganglia and motor thalamic nuclei are functionally and anatomically divided into the sensorimotor, supplementary motor, premotor, associative and limbic territories. There exist both primary segregated basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops and convergence of functionally related information from different cortical areas onto these cortical basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops. The basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop arising from the sensorimotor area, supplementary motor area (SMA), premotor area and cingulate motor area provides distinct segregated subloops through the functionally distinct striatal, pallidal and thalamic regions with partial overlap. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is also topographically organized. The ventrolateral part of the caudal 2/3 levels of the medial pallidal segment (GPi) projects to the primary motor area via the oral part of the ventral lateral thalamic nucleus (VLo) (Voa, Vop by Hassler's nomenclature). The thalamic relay nuclei of the GPi projection to SMA are identified in the transitional zone of the VApc (parvicellular part of the anterior ventral nucleus)-VLo and in the rostromedial part of the VLo. The thalamic nuclei relaying the cingulate subloop are not yet clearly defined. The supplementary motor subloop appears to be divided into the pre-SMA and SMA proper subloops. The premotor area is also divided into the dorsal premotor area subloop and the ventral premotor area subloop. It is suggested that the limbic loop consists of a number of subloops in the monkey as indicated by Haber et al. and in rats. We review here the microcircuitry of the striatum, as well as the convergence and integration between the functionally segregated loops. Finally, we discuss the functional implications of striatal connections.