Habitat Fragmentation and Movements of Three Small Mammals (Sigmodon, Microtus, and Peromyscus)
Habitat Fragmentation and Movements of Three Small Mammals (Sigmodon, Microtus, and Peromyscus)
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三种小型哺乳动物（Sigmodon、Microtus 和 Peromyscus）的栖息地破碎化和运动
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发表时间：
1995
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Holt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Diffendorfer;M. Gaines;R. Holt
利用7.7年（1984-1992）的生境破碎化对生活在破碎化景观中的棉鼠（Sigmodon hispidus）、鹿鼠（Peromyscus maniculatus）和草原田鼠（Microtus ochrogaster）活动的影响。研究区包括3种类型的0.5 ha地块：单个大斑块（5000 M2）、中等斑块集群（288 M2）和小斑块集群（32 M2）。我们测试了三种关于动物运动的预测。首先，随着碎片化的增加，动物应该移动更远的距离。其次，随着碎片化程度的增加，动物移动的比例会降低。第三，物种将表现出更多的从假定的来源到假定的汇的运动。支持我们前两个预测的是，随着碎片化程度的增加，所有物种（雄性棉鼠除外）都迁移得更远，而且动物迁移的比例更低。在测试我们的第三个预测时，我们没有发现所有物种在斑块大小和一个区域进口或出口的动物净数量之间的趋势，这表明源库动态可能没有发生在我们的研究地点。此外，所有物种的动物（雌性鹿鼠除外）都更频繁地转向大块的斑块。对于春季的草原田鼠和夏季的鹿鼠，利用切换概率马尔可夫矩阵模型预测的块间相对丰度与实际丰度高度一致，表明运动与丰度相关。在棉鼠和草原田鼠中，与成年或繁殖动物相比，更多的幼鼠和非繁殖动物在街区之间切换，而鹿鼠则没有。鹿鼠比棉鼠或草原田鼠更频繁地转换；后者以相似的频率转换。我们讨论了我们的数据对建模和保护的影响。
We studied the effects of habitat fragmentation on the movements of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), and prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) living in a fragmented landscape using 7.7 yr (1984-1992) of mark-recapture data. The study area included three kinds of 0.5-ha blocks: single large patches (5000 M2), clusters of medium patches (288 M2), and clusters of small patches (32 M2). We tested three predictions regarding animal movements. First, animals should move longer distances as fragmentation increases. Second, the proportion of animals moving will decrease as frag- mentation increases. Third, species will show more movement from putative sources to putative sinks. In support of our first two predictions, all species (except male cotton rats) moved farther, and lower proportions of animals moved, as fragmentation increased. In testing our third prediction, we found no trends, for all species, between patch size and the net number of animals a block either imported or exported, indicating source-sink dynamics were probably not occurring on our study site. Furthermore, animals of all species (except female deer mice) switched more frequently to blocks of larger patches. For prairie voles in the spring and deer mice in the summer, relative abundances among blocks predicted from a Markov matrix model of switching probabilities showed high congruence with the actual abundances, indicating movement and abundances were related. In both cotton rats and prairie voles but not in deer mice, more juveniles and nonreproductive animals switched between blocks than did adults or reproductive animals. Deer mice switched more frequently than did either cotton rats or prairie voles; the latter species switched in similar frequencies. We discuss the implications of our data for modeling and conservation.