The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya)
The chronostratigraphy of the Haua Fteah cave (Cyrenaica, northeast Libya)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jhevol.2013.10.001
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Barker, Graeme
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Douka, Katerina;Jacobs, Zenobia;Barker, Graeme
20世纪50年代，查尔斯·麦克伯尼(Charles McBurney)在利比亚东北部海岸的一个大型喀斯特洞穴Haua Fteah进行的挖掘揭示了人类占领的深层序列。后来对北非史前的大多数研究都涉及到他的发现和解释，但其考古和地质序列的年代学一直基于非常早的年代确定。本文报告了作为该遗址新工作的一部分而进行的综合多方法测年计划的初步结果，包括木炭、陆地蜗牛和海贝壳的放射性碳测年，隐翅虫调查，沉积物的光激发发光(OSL)测年，以及牙釉质的电子自旋共振(ESR)测年。测年样本来自麦克伯尼海沟上部7.5米处新暴露和清理的表面，类似于14.0米深，其中包含他确定的七个主要文化阶段中的六个。尽管存在沉积物迁移和改造的问题，但使用贝叶斯统计模型，新的测年方案为地层序列中确定的五个主要岩石地层单位和主要文化单位建立了一个强有力的框架。McBurney在他的Lvalloiso-Mousterian阶段底部附近的XXXIII层发现的两个解剖学上的现代人类下颌骨的年龄现在可以在95.4%的置信度范围内估计为73到65ka(几千年前)，在海洋同位素阶段(MI)4内。McBurney的第XXV层与旧石器时代晚期的Dabban刀片工业有关，与坎帕尼亚纪的Ignimbrite Tephra有明确的地层关系。在末次冰盛期的高潮之后，在年轻的仙女木中，更多的微石化的卡普西亚冰川技术发展起来。从全新世中期开始，洞穴中就使用了新石器时代的陶器，或许还有家畜，但直到格雷奥-罗马时期，才有确定的植物种植证据。(C)2013爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The 1950s excavations by Charles McBurney in the Haua Fteah, a large karstic cave on the coast of northeast Libya, revealed a deep sequence of human occupation. Most subsequent research on North African prehistory refers to his discoveries and interpretations, but the chronology of its archaeological and geological sequences has been based on very early age determinations. This paper reports on the initial results of a comprehensive multi-method dating program undertaken as part of new work at the site, involving radiocarbon dating of charcoal, land snails and marine shell, cryptotephra investigations, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sediments, and electron spin resonance (ESR) dating of tooth enamel. The dating samples were collected from the newly exposed and cleaned faces of the upper 7.5 m of the similar to 14.0 m-deep McBurney trench, which contain six of the seven major cultural phases that he identified. Despite problems of sediment transport and reworking, using a Bayesian statistical model the new dating program establishes a robust framework for the five major lithostratigraphic units identified in the stratigraphic succession, and for the major cultural units. The age of two anatomically modern human mandibles found by McBurney in Layer XXXIII near the base of his Levalloiso-Mousterian phase can now be estimated to between 73 and 65 ka (thousands of years ago) at the 95.4% confidence level, within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4. McBurney's Layer XXV, associated with Upper Palaeolithic Dabban blade industries, has a clear stratigraphic relationship with Campanian Ignimbrite tephra. Microlithic Oranian technologies developed following the climax of the Last Glacial Maximum and the more microlithic Capsian in the Younger Dryas. Neolithic pottery and perhaps domestic livestock were used in the cave from the mid Holocene but there is no certain evidence for plant cultivation until the Graeco-Roman period. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.