Farmer-participatory evaluation of mechanized dry direct-seeding technology for rice in northeastern Thailand

Farmer-participatory evaluation of mechanized dry direct-seeding technology for rice in northeastern Thailand
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泰国东北部水稻机械化旱直播技术农户参与评价

DOI:
10.1080/1343943x.2018.1557530
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
2.5
通讯作者:
Kato Yoichiro
Kato Yoichiro
中科院分区:
农林科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Sansen Kanlaya;Wongboon Waraporn;Jairin Jirapong;Kato Yoichiro

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旨在降低气候变化风险、提高生产力或克服劳动力短缺的水稻技术在亚洲热带地区非常重要。本研究的目的是评估机械化水稻旱直播的生产力和生产成本方面的选择在低洼地区。在泰国乌汶省进行的一系列为期3年的农场研究试验中,我们比较了安装在两轮拖拉机上的播种机播种与人工撒播播种。2017年,26名参与农民中有11名进行了播种和特定地点养分管理的示范试验,产量为2.50吨/公顷,但意外的强风暴迫使其他15名农民从旱直播改为湿直播或人工移栽。2014年,播种机的谷物产量比人工撒播高32%(3.3吨/公顷比2.5吨/公顷),2015年产量高14-24%(3.3-3.6吨/公顷比2.9吨/公顷)。机械化播种使播种率在2014年降低了50%,在2015年降低了52-61%,从而降低了生产成本。我们的研究结果表明,机械化旱直播水稻与改善营养管理,可以提高农民的生计在泰国东北部的干旱环境。与人工移栽相比,这种方法可以显著降低生产成本,同时与传统的人工撒播相比,可以保持或提高生产率。缩写:THB:Thai Baht
Rice technologies that are designed to reduce risks due to climate variations, improve productivity, or overcome labor scarcity are important in tropical Asia. The objective of this study was to evaluate mechanized options for dry direct-seeding of rice in terms of the productivity and production costs in rainfed lowlands. In a series of on-farm research trials over 3 years in Ubon Ratchathani province, Thailand, we compared seeding by seed drills mounted on two-wheel tractors with manual broadcast seeding. Demonstration trials of seed drills and site-specific nutrient management in 2017 with 11 of 26 participating farmers produced 2.50 t ha−1of grain yield, but unexpected heavy storms forced the other 15 farmers to switch from dry to wet direct-seeding or manual transplanting. The seed drills produced 32% higher grain yield than manual broadcast seeding (3.3 vs. 2.5 t ha−1) in 2014, and 14–24% higher yield (3.3–3.6 vs. 2.9 t ha−1) in 2015. Mechanized seeding enabled seeding rate reduction by 50% in 2014 and by 52–61% in 2015, resulting in lower production costs than with manual seeding. Our results suggest that mechanized dry direct-seeding of rice with improved nutrient management can enhance farmer livelihoods in rainfed environments in northeastern Thailand. This approach can significantly reduce production costs compared with manual transplanting, while maintaining or increasing productivity compared with conventional manual broadcast seeding.Abbreviations: THB: Thai Baht
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影响因子: 2.6
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