Neuromodulation: Purinergic Signaling in Respiratory Control
Neuromodulation: Purinergic Signaling in Respiratory Control
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DOI：
10.1002/cphy.c120004
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Funk, Gregory D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Funk, Gregory D.
呼吸神经网络的主要功能是产生协调、有效、有节奏的运动行为，并维持对血氧和CO2/pH水平的稳态控制。嘌呤能（ATP）信号在这些稳态反射中具有突出的特征。ATP的信号传导作用是通过其与多种离子型P2 X和代谢型P2 Y受体结合而产生的。然而，其对神经元和网络兴奋性的净效应由复杂系统的三个分支之间的相互作用决定，该复杂系统包括ATP在P2 Rs的信号传导作用，将ATP差异代谢为ADP，AMP和腺苷（ADO）的多种外核苷酸酶的分布，以及ATP代谢物的信号传导作用，特别是P2 YRs的ADP和P1 Rs的ADO。理解嘌呤能信号的重要性是进一步复杂的事实，神经元，神经胶质细胞，和血管差异表达P2和P1受体，神经元和神经胶质细胞释放ATP。本文综述了在细胞，突触和网络水平，目前的理解和新兴的概念所发挥的不同作用，这三部分的信号系统：介导的化学敏感性的呼吸网络缺氧和CO2/pH值，调节的节奏产生网络和吸气运动神经元的活动，并通过脑血管系统控制血流。(C)2013年美国生理学会。Compr Physiol 3：331-363，2013.
The main functions of the respiratory neural network are to produce a coordinated, efficient, rhythmic motor behavior and maintain homeostatic control over blood oxygen and CO2/pH levels. Purinergic (ATP) signaling features prominently in these homeostatic reflexes. The signaling actions of ATP are produced through its binding to a diversity of ionotropic P2X and metabotropic P2Y receptors. However, its net effect on neuronal and network excitability is determined by the interaction between the three limbs of a complex system comprising the signaling actions of ATP at P2Rs, the distribution of multiple ectonucleotidases that differentially metabolize ATP into ADP, AMP, and adenosine (ADO), and the signaling actions of ATP metabolites, especially ADP at P2YRs and ADO at P1Rs. Understanding the significance of purinergic signaling is further complicated by the fact that neurons, glia, and the vasculature differentially express P2 and P1Rs, and that both neurons and glia release ATP. This article reviews at cellular, synaptic, and network levels, current understanding and emerging concepts about the diverse roles played by this three-part signaling system in: mediating the chemosensitivity of respiratory networks to hypoxia and CO2/pH; modulating the activity of rhythm generating networks and inspiratory motoneurons, and; controlling blood flow through the cerebral vasculature. (C) 2013 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 3:331-363, 2013.