Genetic relatedness of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from bathrooms of healthy volunteers, rivers, and soils in Japan with human clinical isolates from different geographical areas
Genetic relatedness of Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis isolates from bathrooms of healthy volunteers, rivers, and soils in Japan with human clinical isolates from different geographical areas
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DOI：
10.1016/j.meegid.2019.103923
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Iwamoto, Tomotada
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Arikawa, Kentaro;Ichijo, Tomoaki;Iwamoto, Tomotada
据报道，日本非结核分枝杆菌肺病的发病率很高（2014年每10万人中有14.7例）。在日本，最常见的病因是鸟分枝杆菌亚种。Hominissuis（MAH）。MAH是环境的典型居民，尤其是浴室，被认为是潜在的感染源。为了证实这一假设，我们通过普通培养方法测定了健康志愿者浴室中MAH的检出率，并分析了这些分离株与患者和其他来源分离株的遗传相关性。我们收集了来自日本180个住宅的浴缸入口、龙头、浴室排水管和淋浴水的拭子。总体MAH检出率为16.1%，但各地区的检出率不同：关东（9/34，26.5%）和近畿（9/33，27.3%）较高，但九州（0/11，0%）、东北（1/23，4.3%）和北海道（2/23，8.7%）较低。MAH主要在浴缸入口样品中检测到（170个住宅中的25个）。使用可变数目串联重复序列（VNTR）分析来检查来自健康志愿者浴室的57株MAH分离株与人临床分离株的遗传相关性。VNTR数据的基础上产生的最小生成树表明，从健康志愿者的浴室的分离株有高度的遗传相关性与日本患者，患者的浴室，河水，但不与俄罗斯患者和日本猪。这些结果表明，在日本的浴缸入口提供了一个环境生态位的MAH，并建议浴室是日本的MAH的重要感染源之一。了解国家特定的生活习惯，如在日本洗澡，以及MAH的遗传多样性，将有助于阐明这种病原体的来源。
Japan reportedly has high incidence rate of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (14.7 cases per 100,000 person in 2014). In Japan, the most common etiology is Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH). MAH is a typical inhabitant of the environment, especially bathrooms, which are considered as a potential source of infection. To corroborate this hypothesis, we determined the detection rate of MAH in bathrooms of healthy volunteers by an ordinary culture method and we analyzed the genetic relatedness of these isolates with those from patients and other sources. We collected swabs of bathtub inlets, showerheads, bathroom drains, and shower water from 180 residences throughout Japan. The overall MAH detection rate was 16.1%, but the rate varied among regions: it was high in Kanto (9/34, 26.5%) and Kinki (9/33, 27.3%), but low in Kyushu (0/11, 0%), Tohoku (1/23, 4.3%), and Hokkaido (2/23, 8.7%). MAH was detected primarily in bathtub inlet samples (25 out of 170 residences). Variable numbers of tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis was used to examine the genetic relatedness of 57 MAH isolates from bathrooms of the healthy volunteers with human clinical isolates. A minimum spanning tree generated on the basis of the VNTR data indicated that isolates from the bathrooms of the healthy volunteers had a high degree of genetic relatedness with those from Japanese patients, bathrooms of patients, and river water, but not with those from Russian patients and Japanese pigs. These results showed that bathtub inlets in Japan provide an environmental niche for MAH and suggest that bathrooms are one of the important infection sources of MAH in Japan. Understanding country-specific lifestyle habits, such as bathing in Japan, as well as the genetic diversity of MAH, will help in elucidating the sources of this pathogen.