A story of “communities”: boundaries, geographical composition and social coherence in a forest conservation project, Northern Cambodia
A story of “communities”: boundaries, geographical composition and social coherence in a forest conservation project, Northern Cambodia
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“社区”的故事：柬埔寨北部森林保护项目中的边界、地理构成和社会凝聚力
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tania Fredborg Nielsen
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作者：
M. Pasgaard;Tania Fredborg Nielsen
摘要“社区”作为全球南方地区保护和发展项目中的关键参与者的明确概念很常见。在森林养护方案中，关于“土著人民”或“以森林为生的社区”的说法盛行，把“社区”描绘成同质和谐的实体。在这项研究中，我们以社区为基础的森林保护项目--柬埔寨北部--为例，将“社区”作为一种结构展开。在定性访谈、实地观察和文献分析的基础上，我们从边界的建立、地理构成和社会连贯性三个方面考察了“社区”的构建。我们不仅发现，森林“社区”边界的建立是由强大的外部行为者主导的，而不是“社区成员”本身，而且“社区”的空间构成复杂，并影响当地人民从项目中受益的能力。我们还发现，被研究的“社区”表现出较低的社会凝聚力，并且主要由农民工组成，而不是共同的政策叙事。考虑到这些不一致之处，我们讨论了建设“社区”对森林保护项目成功的影响，并主张进行更多的话语和政治分析，以更好地理解、承认和适应当前和未来项目地点的现有和不断变化的条件。
Abstract Explicit notions of “communities”, as key actors in conservation and development projects across the Global South, are common. Narratives about “indigenous people” or “forest-dependent communities” in forest conservation programmes prevail, portraying a picture of “communities” as homogeneous and harmonious entities. In this study, we unfold “communities” as a construct with an empirical example of a community-based forest protection project, Northern Cambodia. Based on qualitative interviews, field observations and document analysis, we examine the “community” construct in terms of establishment of boundaries, geographical composition and social coherence. We not only find that the establishment of forest “community” boundaries are dominated by powerful external actors rather than the “community members” themselves, but that the spatial composition of “communities” is complex, and affects the ability of local people to benefit from the project. We also find that the studied “communities” show low levels of social coherence and mainly consist of migrant farmers, as opposed to common policy narratives. Taking these inconsistencies into account, we discuss implications of constructing “communities” for the success of forest conservation projects, and argue in favour of more discursive and political analyses to better understand, acknowledge and adapt to existing and changing conditions in present and prospective project locations.