Low nucleotide diversity in chimpanzees and bonobos.
Low nucleotide diversity in chimpanzees and bonobos.
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黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩的核苷酸多样性较低。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/164.4.1511
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Li,Wen-Hsiung
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yu,Ning;Jensen-Seaman,MichaelI;Chemnick,Leona;Kidd,JudithR;Deinard,AmosS;Ryder,Oliver;Kidd,KennethK;Li,Wen-Hsiung
人类和猿类的核苷酸多样性水平的比较可以为 DNA 多态性的维持机制和这些生物体的人口统计历史提供更多的见解。过去，丰富的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）多态性数据表明，黑猩猩的核苷酸多样性（π）比人类高三倍多。此外，最近根据有限的数据声称，核 DNA 也是如此。在这项研究中，我们对从 9 只倭黑猩猩和 17 只黑猩猩的核基因组中随机选择的 50 个非编码、非重复 DNA 片段进行了测序。令人惊讶的是，倭黑猩猩的 π 值仅为 0.078%，甚至略低于人类相同 50 个体节的 π 值 (0.088%)。东非、中非和西非黑猩猩的 π 值分别为 0.092、0.130 和 0.082%，所有黑猩猩的 π 值分别为 0.132%。这些值与人类相似或最多仅高 1.5 倍。人类和黑猩猩之间线粒体DNA多样性的差异比核DNA多样性的差异大得多，这令人费解。我们推测这主要是由于人类与黑猩猩分化后人类谱系中有效种群规模（Ne）的减少，因为Ne的减少对线粒体DNA多样性的影响比对核DNA多样性的影响更强。
Comparison of the levels of nucleotide diversity in humans and apes may provide much insight into the mechanisms of maintenance of DNA polymorphism and the demographic history of these organisms. In the past, abundant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymorphism data indicated that nucleotide diversity (π) is more than threefold higher in chimpanzees than in humans. Furthermore, it has recently been claimed, on the basis of limited data, that this is also true for nuclear DNA. In this study we sequenced 50 noncoding, nonrepetitive DNA segments randomly chosen from the nuclear genome in 9 bonobos and 17 chimpanzees. Surprisingly, the π value for bonobos is only 0.078%, even somewhat lower than that (0.088%) for humans for the same 50 segments. The π values are 0.092, 0.130, and 0.082% for East, Central, and West African chimpanzees, respectively, and 0.132% for all chimpanzees. These values are similar to or at most only 1.5 times higher than that for humans. The much larger difference in mtDNA diversity than in nuclear DNA diversity between humans and chimpanzees is puzzling. We speculate that it is due mainly to a reduction in effective population size (Ne) in the human lineage after the human-chimpanzee divergence, because a reduction inNehas a stronger effect on mtDNA diversity than on nuclear DNA diversity.