Ultra-high speed video observations of intracloud lightning flash initiation
Ultra-high speed video observations of intracloud lightning flash initiation
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云内闪电启动的超高速视频观测
DOI：
10.1007/s00703-021-00803-3
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Siedlecki, Raymond
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stolzenburg, Maribeth;Marshall, Thomas C.;Bandara, Sampath;Hurley, Brian;Siedlecki, Raymond
本研究描述了距离相机≤ 20 km的5个云内闪光的视频观测结果，并以6.1 µs曝光时间和6.66 µs帧间隔记录。视频数据支持电场变化（E-change）和VHF测量，重点是闪光起始事件（IE）和初始击穿（IB）阶段。在五次闪光中的四次，IE伴随着微弱的亮度，比背景高≤ 5%，持续300-500 µs。这四个IE中的两个是正窄双极事件（NBE），VHF功率为43和990 W;这是第一个（已知）数据显示用正NBE检测到可见光。另外两个亮度较弱的IE的功率为0.5和1 W，而没有检测到亮度的IE的VHF功率为3 W。典型的IB簇由E变化数据中的几个窄脉冲和一个经典脉冲（沿着许多VHF脉冲）组成，并且每个示例闪光在前5-50 ms中具有2-10个IB簇。IB团簇的亮度显著大于IE亮度，在四个示例中范围从背景以上10%至40%，而对于具有10个IB团簇的一个闪光，亮度范围为背景以上35%至360%（平均190%）。IB团簇的发光持续时间为520-1750 µs，平均1210 µs。对于IE和IB集群，在检测到的光度增加密切定时与大量的VHF发射和VHF发射减弱时减少。
This study describes results from video observations of five intracloud flashes located ≤ 20 km from the camera and recorded with 6.1 µs exposure time and 6.66 µs frame intervals. Video data are supported with electric field change (E-change) and VHF measurements, with emphasis on the flash initiating event (IE) and initial breakdown (IB) stage. In four of the five flashes, the IE is accompanied by weak luminosity, ≤ 5% above background, lasting for 300–500 µs. Two of these four IEs were positive Narrow Bipolar Events (NBEs) with VHF powers of 43 and 990 W; these are the first (known) data showing visible light detected with a positive NBE. Two other IEs with weak luminosity had powers of 0.5 and 1 W, and the IE with no detected luminosity had a VHF power of 3 W. A typical IB cluster consists of several narrow pulses and one classic pulse in E-change data (along with many VHF pulses), and each example flash has 2–10 IB clusters in the first 5–50 ms. The luminosity of IB clusters was substantially greater than IE luminosity, ranging from 10 to 40% above background in four examples, while for one flash with 10 IB clusters, the luminosity range was 35–360% above background (average 190%). Luminosity durations of IB clusters were 520–1750 µs with average 1210 µs. For both IEs and IB clusters, increases in the detected luminosity were closely timed with substantial VHF emissions and decreased when VHF emissions weakened.
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影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Kostinskiy, Alexander Yu;Marshall, Thomas C.;Stolzenburg, Maribeth
通讯作者：
Stolzenburg, Maribeth
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
S. Bandara;T. Marshall;S. Karunarathne;M. Stolzenburg
通讯作者：
S. Bandara;T. Marshall;S. Karunarathne;M. Stolzenburg
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
作者：
A. Kostinskiy;V. Syssoev;E. Mareev;V. Rakov;M. Andreev;N. Bogatov;L. M. Makal’sky;D. Sukharevsky;A. Aleshchenko;V. Kuznetsov;M. Shatalina
通讯作者：
M. Shatalina
影响因子：
5.5
作者：
S. Bandara;T. Marshall;S. Karunarathne;N. Karunarathne;R. Siedlecki;M. Stolzenburg
通讯作者：
S. Bandara;T. Marshall;S. Karunarathne;N. Karunarathne;R. Siedlecki;M. Stolzenburg
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DOI：
10.1002/2017jd027729
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
影响因子：
--
作者：
E. M. Smith;T. Marshall;S. Karunarathne;R. Siedlecki;M. Stolzenburg
通讯作者：
M. Stolzenburg