Experience with Marine Protected Area Planning and Management in the Philippines
Experience with Marine Protected Area Planning and Management in the Philippines
复制标题
菲律宾海洋保护区规划和管理经验
DOI：
10.1080/08920750252692599
复制
发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
A. Salamanca
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alan T. White;Catherine A. Courtney;A. Salamanca
菲律宾早在1974年就建立了海洋保护区。这些关于苏美隆和阿波群岛及其他岛屿的早期模式提出了珊瑚礁管理框架，经证明可提高传统渔民的鱼产量，并保护和维持近岸珊瑚礁栖息地，以实现生物多样性和多种经济用途。本文结合菲律宾海洋保护区的现状，介绍了菲律宾海洋保护区的历史。1991年将自然资源管理权下放给地方政府(市和市)，强调这是一项重大的国家政策转变，支持了更多的本地化管理努力。对影响海洋保护区的现行政策和法律作了与实地管理和成果有关的说明。圣萨尔瓦多岛上一个以社区和地方政府为基础的海洋保护区与根据国家综合保护区制度实施的国家海洋公园形成对比。除其他外，重要的经验教训包括：必须有一个明确的进程，其中包括与市政府合作的社区参与和自主权；多个利益攸关方、政府和捐助机构在规划和管理方面的作用；创造性地利用财政机制建立长期自给自足的海洋保护区；需要更综合的沿海管理形式，通过广泛的区域规划支持海洋保护区网络。
Marine protected areas were established in the Philippines as early as 1974. These early models on Sumilon and Apo Islands and others set forth a framework for coral reef management that has been shown to enhance fish yields to traditional fishers as well as protect and maintain nearshore coral reef habitats for biodiversity and multiple economic uses. The history of marine protected areas in the Philippines is described in relation to their present context. Devolution of authority for management of natural resources to local governments (municipalities and cities) in 1991 is highlighted as a major national policy shift that has supported more localized management efforts. Current policies and laws that influence marine protected areas are explained in relation to field management and results. One community and local government based marine protected area on San Salvador Island is contrasted with a National Marine Park being implemented under the National Integrated Protected Areas System. Important lessons include, among others: the importance of a well-articulated process that includes community participation and ownership in collaboration with municipal governments; the role of multiple stakeholders, government, and donor agencies in planning and management; the creative use of financial mechanisms to create long-term self-supporting marine protected areas; and the need for more integrated forms of coastal management to support marine protected area networks through broad area planning.