Defense-like behaviors evoked by pharmacological disinhibition of the superior colliculus in the primate.
Defense-like behaviors evoked by pharmacological disinhibition of the superior colliculus in the primate.
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2924-12.2013
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发表时间：
2013-01-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Malkova L
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文献类型：
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作者：
DesJardin JT;Holmes AL;Forcelli PA;Cole CE;Gale JT;Wellman LL;Gale K;Malkova L
刺激啮齿类动物的上丘（DLSC）中层和深层会引起跟踪/追逐（接近）和回避/逃跑（防御）反应。这两类反应由与侧（入路）和内（防御）DLSC相关的不同输出投影提供。在非人类灵长类动物中，DLSC只在定向/接近行为，特别是眼球运动方面进行了研究，然而，类似防御的行为尚未见报道。在这里，我们研究了在9只自由运动的猕猴中，通过单侧脑内注射GABAA受体拮抗剂双丘碱（BIC）来激活DLSC的行为反应。在动物中，最常引起的行为是退缩（所有动物），其次是增加的发声和逃跑行为（7只动物），以及攻击物体（3只动物）。BIC的作用在2.5 ~ 14nmol范围内呈剂量依赖性（阈值剂量为4.6nmol）。在DLSC内不同的输注部位，这些行为及其发病潜伏期没有变化。畏缩和逃跑行为类似于大鼠在DLSC刺激后的防御反应，但在猕猴中，这些反应是在DLSC的内侧和外侧部位引起的。我们的研究结果出乎意料，因为早期的理论观点强调灵长类动物的DLSC在接近而不是防御反应中具有优先作用。我们的数据为激活猴子的DLSC诱导防御行为提供了第一个证据，表明DLSC在应对威胁中的作用在不同物种中是保守的。
Stimulation of the intermediate and deep layers of superior colliculus (DLSC) in rodents evokes both tracking/pursuit (approach) and avoidance/flight (defensive) responses. These two classes of response are subserved by distinct output projections associated with lateral (approach) and medial (defensive) DLSC. In nonhuman primates, DLSC has been examined only with respect to orienting/approach behaviors, especially eye movements, however, defense-like behaviors have not been reported. Here we examined the profile of behavioral responses to the activation of DLSC by unilateral intracerebral infusions of the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (BIC), in nine freely moving macaques. Across animals, the most consistently evoked behavior was cowering (all animals), followed by increased vocalization and escape-like behaviors (seven animals), and attack of objects (three animals). The effects of BIC were dose-dependent within the range 2.5-14nmol (threshold dose of 4.6nmol). The behaviors and their latency to onset did not vary across different infusion sites within DLSC. Cowering and escape-like behaviors resembled the defense-like responses reported after DLSC stimulation in rats, but in the macaques these responses were evoked from both medial and lateral sites within DLSC. Our findings are unexpected in the context of an earlier theoretical perspective that emphasized a preferential role of the primate DLSC for approach rather than defensive responses. Our data provide the first evidence for induction of defense-like behaviors by activation of DLSC in monkeys, suggesting that the role of DLSC in responding to threats is conserved across species.