The Gerrymandering of School Attendance Zones and the Segregation of Public Schools
The Gerrymandering of School Attendance Zones and the Segregation of Public Schools
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学校入学区域的不公正划分和公立学校的隔离
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Richards
中科院分区：
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作者：
M. Richards
在这项研究中，我使用了 663 个地区 15,290 个学区的大型全国样本，采用地理空间技术来评估学区“不公正划分”对学校种族/族裔隔离的影响。我通过将现有就学区域的种族/民族特征与不存在选区划分的情况下预期的反事实区域的种族/民族特征进行比较，估计了选区划分对学校多样性和学区隔离的影响。结果表明，出勤区的不公正划分通常会加剧种族隔离，尽管它对白人与黑人和西班牙裔种族隔离的影响较弱。在经历快速种族/族裔变化的地区，不公正选区尤其具有种族隔离性。然而，不公正选区与少数地区种族隔离的减少有关，特别是那些处于废除种族隔离令之下的地区。
In this study, I employ geospatial techniques to assess the impact of school attendance zone “gerrymandering” on the racial/ethnic segregation of schools, using a large national sample of 15,290 attendance zones in 663 districts. I estimate the effect of gerrymandering on school diversity and school district segregation by comparing the racial/ethnic characteristics of existing attendance zones to those of counterfactual zones expected in the absence of gerrymandering. Results indicate that the gerrymandering of attendance zones generally exacerbates segregation, although it has a weaker effect on the segregation of Whites from Blacks and Hispanics. Gerrymandering is particularly segregative in districts experiencing rapid racial/ethnic change. However, gerrymandering is associated with reductions in segregation in a substantial minority of districts, notably those under desegregation orders.