Do bumble bees save time when choosing novel flowers by following conspecifics?
Do bumble bees save time when choosing novel flowers by following conspecifics?
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01086.x
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Toquenaga, Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kawaguchi, L. G.;Ohashi, K.;Toquenaga, Y.
1. 资源可用性的时空变化往往很大且不可预测。因此，当动物需要寻找和品尝新的食物时，它们可能更喜欢选择有同种动物喂养或同种动物留下的气味的食物来源。这种行为（局部增强）将受到青睐，特别是如果它减少了花在寻找食物和随后的决策上的时间。在实验室实验中，我们测试了幼稚的大黄蜂是否使用局部增强，以及它在多大程度上可以减少花在寻找和取样新奇花朵上的时间。当在一个飞行笼中给幼稚的蜜蜂提供一对同样奖励的人工或真花时，它们更愿意降落并进食附着着死去同种植物的花。同种异体的存在减少了蜜蜂发现花朵奖励的时间，这只有在蜜蜂选择真正的花朵时才有意义。在一个类似的两两选择中，蜜蜂降落在塑料包裹的死同种的人造花上的频率比降落在同样大小的塑料包裹但没有蜜蜂的花上的频率要高，这表明视觉线索对蜜蜂的花朵选择有重要影响。同种异体对鲜花选择和食物检测时间的影响在附着在真正的花朵上最明显，而在塑料包裹的花朵上最不明显。这些结果表明，随着花朵吸引力的增加，花上同种异体的存在对蜜蜂的决策有更强的影响，蜜蜂使用视觉和非视觉线索来识别花上的同种异体。如果节省时间的好处是普遍的，那么当蜜蜂根据资源可用性的时间变化在焦点花卉或地点之间切换时，使用局部增强也将是有利的。
1. Spatio-temporal variation in resource availability is often large and unpredictable. When animals need to find and sample novel foods, therefore they may prefer to choose food sources with feeding conspecifics or odour left by the conspecifics. This behaviour (local enhancement) would be favoured, especially if it decreases the time spent on food-finding and subsequent decision-making. In laboratory experiments we tested if naive bumble bees use local enhancement, and to what degree it could reduce the time spent on finding and sampling novel flowers.2. When naive bees were presented with a pair of equally rewarded artificial or real flowers in a flight cage, they preferred to land and feed on the flower where a dead conspecific was attached. The presence of conspecifics reduced the time spent on detecting floral reward, which was significant only when bees chose between real flowers. In a similar pairwise choice, bees landed on artificial flowers with a dead conspecific wrapped in plastic more frequently than on flowers with the same-sized plastic wrap including no bees, which suggests that visual cues have important influences on the bees' flower choice.3. Effects of conspecifics on flower choice and food detection time were most evident when they were attached to real flowers, and least evident when they were wrapped in plastic. These results suggest that the presence of conspecifics on flowers has stronger effects on bees' decision-making as the attractiveness of flowers increases, and that bees use both visual and non-visual cues to recognize conspecifics on flowers.4. If the benefit of saving time were universal, the use of local enhancement would also be advantageous when bees switch between focal flower species or sites in response to temporal changes in resource availability.