Emerging investigator series: primary emissions, ozone reactivity, and byproduct emissions from building insulation materials
Emerging investigator series: primary emissions, ozone reactivity, and byproduct emissions from building insulation materials
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新兴研究者系列：建筑隔热材料的一次排放、臭氧反应性和副产品排放
DOI：
10.1039/c9em00024k
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gall, Elliott T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chin, Kyle;Laguerre, Aurelie;Ramasubramanian, Pradeep;Pleshakov, David;Stephens, Brent;Gall, Elliott T.
建筑保温材料可以通过以下方式影响室内空气：(i)从建筑围护腔释放初级挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）到室内空间；（ii）通过在渗透空气中的反应性沉积（氧化剂，例如臭氧）或过滤（颗粒）来减轻对室外污染物的暴露；（iii）产生次级挥发性有机化合物和氧化反应产生的其他气相副产品。本研究报告了8种常见的市售绝缘材料的主要VOC排放通量、臭氧（O3）反应概率（γ）和O3反应副产物产量。在连续流动反应器中，利用质子转移反应时间飞行-质谱法测量了材料中主要挥发性有机化合物的通量，范围从3（热背胶聚苯乙烯）到61（纤维素）μmol m - 2 h - 1（总挥发性有机化合物质量排放率估计在~ 0.3和~ 3.3 mg m - 2 h - 1之间）。初步确定纤维素的主要挥发性有机化合物通量可能与纤维素化学和热分解产物有关。臭氧物质γ的范围从~ 1 × 10−6到~ 30 × 10−6。热背衬聚苯乙烯和聚异氰脲酸酯的γ最低，而纤维素和玻璃纤维的γ最高。在O3存在的情况下，观察到的挥发性副产物总产率为每消耗摩尔O3产生0.25（聚苯乙烯）至0.85（再生牛仔）摩尔的挥发性有机化合物，或相当于0.71（聚苯乙烯）至10（再生牛仔）μmol m−2 h−1的二次通量。在O3存在的情况下，主要的排放物通常不同于主要排放物，其特征是醛和丙酮的产率。这项工作提供了新的数据，可用于评估和最终模拟“隐藏”材料（即存在于墙腔内的材料）对室内空气质量的影响。这些数据也可以指导建筑围护材料的选择，特别是对于室外O3高的地区的建筑。
Building insulation materials can affect indoor air by (i) releasing primary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from building enclosure cavities to the interior space, (ii) mitigating exposure to outdoor pollutants through reactive deposition (of oxidants, e.g., ozone) or filtration (of particles) in infiltration air, and (iii) generating secondary VOCs and other gas-phase byproducts resulting from oxidant reactions. This study reports primary VOC emission fluxes, ozone (O3) reaction probabilities (γ), and O3 reaction byproduct yields for eight common, commercially available insulation materials. Fluxes of primary VOCs from the materials, measured in a continuous flow reactor using proton transfer reaction-time of flight-mass spectrometry, ranged from 3 (polystyrene with thermal backing) to 61 (cellulose) μmol m−2 h−1 (with total VOC mass emission rates estimated to be between ∼0.3 and ∼3.3 mg m−2 h−1). Major primary VOC fluxes from cellulose were tentatively identified as compounds likely associated with cellulose chemical and thermal decomposition products. Ozone-material γ ranged from ∼1 × 10−6 to ∼30 × 10−6. Polystyrene with thermal backing and polyisocyanurate had the lowest γ, while cellulose and fiberglass had the highest. In the presence of O3, total observed volatile byproduct yields ranged from 0.25 (polystyrene) to 0.85 (recycled denim) moles of VOCs produced per mole of O3 consumed, or equivalent to secondary fluxes that range from 0.71 (polystyrene) to 10 (recycled denim) μmol m−2 h−1. Major emitted products in the presence of O3 were generally different from primary emissions and were characterized by yields of aldehydes and acetone. This work provides new data that can be used to evaluate and eventually model the impact of “hidden” materials (i.e., those present inside wall cavities) on indoor air quality. The data may also guide building enclosure material selection, especially for buildings in areas of high outdoor O3.