Transmigration route of Campylobacter jejuni across polarized intestinal epithelial cells: paracellular, transcellular or both?
Transmigration route of Campylobacter jejuni across polarized intestinal epithelial cells: paracellular, transcellular or both?
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DOI：
10.1186/1478-811x-11-72
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发表时间：
2013-09-30
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Tegtmeyer N
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Backert S;Boehm M;Wessler S;Tegtmeyer N
完整的细胞间连接和细胞基质接触是人类上皮屏障功能形成和维持的关键结构组成部分，以控制共生菌群并防止微生物入侵。空肠弯曲杆菌是最重要的人畜共患病原体之一，可引起食源性胃肠炎以及可能更严重的疾病，例如反应性关节炎或吉兰-巴利综合征。空肠弯曲菌穿过肠上皮屏障和入侵宿主细胞被认为是人类和各种动物模型系统（包括猴子、仔猪、兔子、仓鼠和雪貂）肠道组织损伤的主要原因。空肠弯曲菌还能够侵入固有层等底层组织，进入血流，并可能到达脾、肝或肠系膜淋巴结等不同器官。然而，人们对参与这些活动的分子机制以及主要细菌和宿主细胞因素知之甚少。存在多种模型，病原体可以通过这些模型在体外触发其自身跨极化肠上皮细胞的轮回，即细胞旁和/或跨细胞机制。最近的研究表明，鞭毛、丝氨酸蛋白酶 HtrA 和脂寡糖 LOS 等细菌因子可能在细菌轮回中发挥积极作用。在这里，我们回顾了关于空肠弯曲杆菌以及其他一些弯曲杆菌物种的迁移的知识，并讨论了穿过极化上皮细胞单层所采取的路线的利弊。这些研究为这种重要病原体采用的感染策略提供了新的见解。
Intact intercellular junctions and cellular matrix contacts are crucial structural components for the formation and maintenance of epithelial barrier functions in humans to control the commensal flora and protect against intruding microbes. Campylobacter jejuni is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens causing food-borne gastroenteritis and potentially more severe diseases such as reactive arthritis or Guillain–Barré syndrome. Crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier and host cell invasion by C. jejuni are considered to represent the primary reasons of gut tissue damage in humans and various animal model systems including monkeys, piglets, rabbits, hamsters and ferrets. C. jejuni is also able to invade underlying tissues such as the lamina propria, can enter the bloodstream, and possibly reach distinct organs such as spleen, liver or mesenteric lymph nodes. However, the molecular mechanisms as well as major bacterial and host cell factors involved in these activities are poorly understood. Various models exist by which the pathogen can trigger its own transmigration across polarized intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, the paracellular and/or transcellular mechanism. Recent studies suggest that bacterial factors such as flagellum, serine protease HtrA and lipooligosaccharide LOS may play an active role in bacterial transmigration. Here we review our knowledge on transmigration of C. jejuni as well as some other Campylobacter species, and discuss the pros and cons for the route(s) taken to travel across polarized epithelial cell monolayers. These studies provide fresh insights into the infection strategies employed by this important pathogen.