Life history and parasites of the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) along a latitudinal gradient
Life history and parasites of the invasive mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) along a latitudinal gradient
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-008-9413-0
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发表时间：
2009-12-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Garcia-Berthou, Emili
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benejam, Lluis;Alcaraz, Carles;Garcia-Berthou, Emili
东方食蚊鱼（Gambusia holbrooki）是世界上最具侵略性的鱼类之一，虽然在大多数地中海国家非常丰富，但它无法忍受北方和中欧的寒冷冬季。了解纬度对其生活史特征的影响对于预测其在当前气候变化情景下入侵中欧的潜力至关重要。我们研究了生活史特征和寄生虫负载的变化，在东部食蚊鱼沿着纬度梯度从法国南部到西班牙南部，采样食蚊鱼种群在8个地中海河口，纬度范围5A度。南方食蚊鱼种群表现出较高的渔获量，分配更多的能量繁殖（性腺指数和性腺重量后占鱼的大小），并有一个较低的条件（总重量和内脏重量后占鱼的大小）比北方人口。尽管种群间存在变异，但成熟时的大小（L-50）随纬度而显著变化，北方个体成熟时的大小较小（L-50较低）。寄生虫患病率范围为0.0至26.7%，但寄生虫丰富度非常低，所有确定的寄生虫是属于伪叶目的侧尾绦虫幼虫。食蚊鱼寄生虫的丰度随纬度的增加而降低，感染食蚊鱼的寄生虫的存在和数量对鱼的状况有显着的负面影响。纬度对食蚊鱼的捕获率、生活史和寄生虫的显著影响突出了入侵物种纬度研究的重要性，以了解气候变化和生物入侵的相互作用机制。
The eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) is among the most invasive fish worldwide and yet, while very abundant in most Mediterranean countries, it is unable to tolerate the colder winters of northern and central Europe. Understanding the effects of latitude on its life-history traits is essential to predict the potential for its invasion of central Europe in current scenarios of climate change. We studied the variation of life-history traits and parasite load in the eastern mosquitofish along a latitudinal gradient from southern France to southern Spain, sampling mosquitofish populations in eight Mediterranean river mouths ranging 5A degrees in latitude. Southern mosquitofish populations displayed higher catch rates, allocated more energy to reproduction (gonadosomatic index and gonadal weight after accounting for fish size) and had a lower condition (total weight and eviscerated weight after accounting for fish size) than in northern populations. Despite variability among populations, size-at-maturity (L-50) significantly varied with latitude and northern individuals matured at smaller size (lower L-50). Parasite prevalence ranged from 0.0 to 26.7% but parasite richness was very low; all the parasites identified were larvae of pleurocercoid cestodes belonging to the order Pseudophyllidea. The abundance of mosquitofish parasites decreased with latitude and the presence and number of parasites infecting the mosquitofish had a significant negative effect on fish condition. The significant effects of latitude on the catch rates, life history and parasites of mosquitofish highlight the importance of latitudinal studies of invasive species to understand the interactive mechanisms of climate change and biological invasions.