Lack of Legacy? Shadows of Surveillance after the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany
Lack of Legacy? Shadows of Surveillance after the 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany
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DOI：
10.1177/0042098011422389
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Eick, Volker
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Eick, Volker
2006 年德国 FIFA 世界杯见证了自 1945 年以来最大规模的国内安全展示。在为期 4 周的赛事期间，来自州和联邦警察的超过 25 万名警察、7000 名军事警卫、2 万名私人保安承包商和数量不详的情报人员在 12 个主办城市开展工作。此外，超过2万名志愿者参加了安保和安全措施，组成了所谓的“临时军队”。部署的监控技术包括但不限于机载预警和控制系统飞机（AWACS）、各种安全机器人、视频监控摄像头和射频识别芯片（RFID）。数据库存储了超过 25 万份国际足联员工的个人数据文件以及另外 1000 万名申请门票的人员的个人数据文件。该论文首先描述了自 20 世纪初以来，国际足联如何作为“新社群主义企业家”拥抱新自由主义。其次，分析了国际足联如何为候选城市和主办城市的举办设定前提条件。第三，它提出了“遗产”的概念，以便让所有利益相关者了解世界杯的积极和消极影响。第四，它将 2006 年德国世界杯视为与体育相关的“安全组合”，解释了为什么世界杯结束后部分组合被拆除，而其他组合却保留了下来。最后，它对国际足联作为主办城市和后主办城市“持续安全化”孵化器的作用得出了一些结论。
The FIFA World Cup 2006 in Germany saw the largest display of domestic security since 1945. More than 250 000 police officers from the state and federal police, 7000 military guards, 20 000 private security contractors and an unknown number of intelligence service officers operated in the 12 host cities during the four-week event. In addition, more than 20 000 volunteers took part in security and safety measures, constituting what have become known as 'pop-up armies'. Surveillance technologies were deployed, including but not limited to airborne warning and control system planes (AWACS), a variety of security robots, video surveillance cameras and radio frequency identification chips (RFID). Data banks stored more than 250 000 personal data files of FIFA employees and another 10 million of those persons applying for tickets. The paper first describes how, since the early 20th century, FIFA has been embracing neo-liberalism as a 'neo-communitarian entrepreneur'. Secondly, it analyses how FIFA enabled itself to set the preconditions for candidate and host cities to carry out the event. Thirdly, it develops the concept of 'legacy' in order to allow for an understanding of the World Cup's positive and negative impacts for all stakeholders involved. Fourthly, it examines the 2006 World Cup in Germany as a sports-related 'security assemblage', deciphering why parts of the assemblage were dismantled whereas others remained after the World Cup was over. Finally, it draws some conclusions about the role of FIFA as an incubator for a 'sustained securitisation' of host and post-host cities.