Q-ball dynamics from atomic Bose–Einstein condensates
Q-ball dynamics from atomic Bose–Einstein condensates
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来自原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚态的 Q 球动力学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Laine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Enqvist;M. Laine
具有守恒整体电荷Q的相对论标量场理论通常具有（Meta）稳定的球对称孤子解，称为Q球。我们详细阐述了完美的形式之间的类比存在于Q球和球对称孤子在某些非相对论性原子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体，其中占主导地位的原子间相互作用可以调谐吸引。在谐波陷阱，目前在现有的实验中，Q球解决方案修改的一个重要的方式。然而，如果陷阱在一个方向上被显著地压缩，那么真正的孤子确实会出现，并且可以获得在相对论宇宙学背景下数值研究的一些Q球性质的实际实验数据，例如它们的形成和碰撞。我们还建议的条件下，相同的宇宙学相关的类比可以扩展到全三维的情况下。
Relativistic scalar field theories with a conserved global charge Q often possess (meta)stable spherically symmetric soliton solutions, called Q-balls. We elaborate on the perfect formal analogy which exists between Q-balls and spherically symmetric solitons in certain non-relativistic atomic Bose–Einstein condensates, for which the dominant interatomic interaction can be tuned attractive. In a harmonic trap, present in existing experiments, the Q-ball solution is modified in an essential way. If the trap is significantly prolongated in one direction, however, then genuine solitons do appear, and actual experimental data can be obtained for some of the Q-ball properties studied numerically in the relativistic cosmological context, such as their formation and collisions. We also suggest conditions under which the same cosmologically relevant analogies could be extended to the fully three-dimensional case.