The Commodity Price Boom and Regional Workers in Chile: a Natural Resources Blessing?
The Commodity Price Boom and Regional Workers in Chile: a Natural Resources Blessing?
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智利的商品价格繁荣和地区工人：自然资源的祝福？
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发表时间：
2015
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Andrea Pellandra
中科院分区：
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作者：
Andrea Pellandra
本文利用智利各地区对大的外生价格冲击的暴露程度的变化，研究了2003年至2011年地理上集中的自然资源密集型出口部门的增长对当地工资和就业的影响。我开发了一个specificfactors模型的本地劳动力市场与两种类型的工人（熟练和非熟练），是移动的跨部门在一个地区内，但不完全移动的跨地区的价格冲击，密集雇用非熟练劳动力的行业将减少当地的工资溢价比例更高的地区，该行业代表了更高的总就业份额相比，其他地区。实证结果表明，一个地区的平均价格上涨10%（或每名工人的出口外源性增加10美元），经历了2.4%的平均非熟练工人的工资相对于其他地区的增长，这种收益有助于减少区域工资溢价。我还发现大量就业从未受影响的部门重新分配到受益于区域内价格上涨的部门，但跨区域流动的证据要少得多。最后，有明确证据表明，与其他区域相比，受价格冲击最大的区域的贫困率和收入不平等有所下降。JEL分类：F14，F16，O15
This paper uses variation in Chilean regions’ exposure to a large exogenous price shock to examine the effects of the growth of a geographically concentrated natural resources-intensive export sector on local wages and employment between 2003 and 2011. I develop a specificfactors model of local labor markets with two types of workers (skilled and unskilled) that are mobile across sectors within a region but imperfectly mobile across regions that predicts that a price shock in an industry that intensively employs unskilled labor will reduce local wage premia proportionally more in regions where that industry represents a higher share of total employment compared to other regions. Empirical results show that a region exposed to a 10% increase in average prices (or a 10 dollars per worker exogenous increase in exports) experienced a 2.4% increase in average unskilled workers’ wages relatively to other regions, and that such gains contributed to a reduction in regional wage premia. I also find substantial employment reallocation from unaffected sectors to the sector that benefited from the price increase within regions, but much less evidence of mobility across regions. Finally, there is clear evidence of a decline in poverty rates and income inequality in regions most exposed to the price shock compared to other regions. JEL Classification: F14, F16, O15